Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: Breaking the Memory Barrier

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 102481 - 102481

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for 60-70 % all cases. It affects millions people worldwide. AD poses a substantial economic burden on societies healthcare systems. progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, impaired daily functioning. As prevalence continues to increase, understanding its pathogenesis, improving diagnostic methods, developing effective therapeutics have become paramount. This comprehensive review delves into intricate mechanisms underlying AD, explores current state techniques, examines emerging therapeutic strategies. By revealing complexities this aims contribute growing body knowledge surrounding devastating disease.

Language: Английский

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Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5904 - 5904

Published: May 28, 2024

For the past 70 years, dopamine hypothesis has been key working model in schizophrenia. This contributed to development of numerous inhibitors dopaminergic signaling and antipsychotic drugs, which led rapid symptom resolution but only marginal outcome improvement. Over decades, there limited research on quantifiable pathological changes schizophrenia, including premature cellular/neuronal senescence, brain volume loss, attenuation gamma oscillations electroencephalograms, oxidation lipids plasma mitochondrial membranes. We surmise that aberrant activation aryl hydrocarbon receptor by toxins derived from gut microbes or environment drives cellular neuronal a hallmark Early aging promotes secondary changes, impairment loss mitochondria, gray matter depletion, decreased oscillations, compensatory metabolic shift lactate lactylation. The aim this narrative review is twofold: (1) summarize what known about senescence schizophrenia schizophrenia-like disorders, (2) discuss novel strategies for improving long-term outcomes severe mental illness with natural senotherapeutics, membrane lipid replacement, transplantation, microbial phenazines, antioxidant phenothiazines, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, antagonists.

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: a bibliometric study on current research hotspots and status

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Background Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) has been used as a promising noninvasive neuromodulation technique for the treatment of various systems.The aim this study was to analyze research hotspots and future directions tVNS in 21st century by using bibliometric methods. Methods The object literature related from Web Science database 2000 May 2024. In order measure number issuance, institutions, authors, countries, keywords, co-citations, journals publication, we VOSviewer, Citespace, Bibliometrix R-package, Scimago Graphica software. A narrative review current content conducted gain better understanding state field. Results total 569 papers were included study. results show that 2024, publications shows an increasing trend year year, involving 326 institutions. United States, China, Germany are major centers. identified 399 which roughly formed 11 natural clusters, revealing mainly reflected 3 areas: intervention efficacy on nervous system diseases, mechanism action tVNS, stimulation mode tVNS. top 10 most cited references focus into Conclusion safety have confirmed previous studies, but standardized protocol not yet developed, clinical studies small sample sizes lack multicenter multidisciplinary collaboration. Currently, is neurological psychiatric cardiovascular some autoimmune diseases. It expected field will continue application central diseases exploration mechanisms, at same time, with rise non-invasive technology, other also great potential development.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating PEMF vagus nerve stimulation through neck application: A randomized placebo study with volunteers

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

This study investigates the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on vagus nerve stimulation through non-invasive neck applications. Exploring efficacy PEMF across different frequencies (6 hz, 16 and 32 hz), this double-blind placebo-controlled trial included 485 volunteers to assess its impact autonomic nervous system functions, particularly targeting sleep disturbances anxiety. Results demonstrated significant improvements in quality reduction anxiety levels, especially notable at hz. These findings suggest that therapy, by modulating activity, offers a beneficial non-pharmacological treatment option for related disorders.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the gut microbiota’s role in PCOS: a new frontier in metabolic health

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 18, 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting reproductive-age women, characterized primarily by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, abnormalities. In recent years, the gut microbiota has garnered widespread attention for its potential role as key regulator of host metabolism in pathogenesis PCOS. Studies have shown that PCOS patients exhibit dysbiosis their microbiota, reduced microbial diversity, an imbalance ratio Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, changes abundance specific taxa, abnormal levels products. These alterations may exacerbate dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, including influencing energy metabolism, disrupting lipid bile acid inducing chronic inflammation. Addressing modulation patients' microbiomes-such use of, prebiotics, fecal transplantation, optimizing diet lifestyle-may offer strategies improving abnormalities alleviating clinical symptoms Additionally, microbiome promises marker, aiding precise diagnosis personalization Although our current understanding how influences still limited, research needed explore causal relationships mechanisms involved, providing more reliable theoretical basis clinical. This review aims summarize progress on relationship between PCOS, suggest future directions promote development prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Targeting gut microbiota: a potential therapeutic approach for tumor microenvironment in glioma

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Glioma, being one of the malignant tumors with highest mortality rate globally, has an unclear pathogenesis, and existing treatment effects still have certain limitations. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays important role in occurrence, development, recurrence glioma. As regulatory factors TME, gut microbiota can regulate progression glioma not only by interacting brain through brain-gut axis but also influencing immune (TIME) inflammatory microenvironment. Recent studies identified TME as potential therapeutic targets for This paper aims to summarize association between them glioma, developing new intervention measures targeting microbiota. Understanding involvement process may pave way development effective methods that prevent disease progression.

Language: Английский

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Accrued reductions in heart rate following transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 28, 2025

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition marked by chronic autonomic dysregulation, including heightened arousal and increased heart rate, contributing to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). tcVNS has been shown in prior work decrease reduce rate participants with PTSD during stimulation 2-3 min afterward. No studies have investigated effects on objective physiological markers such as over hour-long timescales. The purpose this study was investigate the active versus sham responses stress traumatized individuals without undergoing 3 h traumatic reminder protocol. Understanding extended periods lasting several hours crucial better assess its potential benefits inform treatment strategies for population. A total 41 participants, 22 (sex: 16 female, six male; age: 41.5 ± 12.89 years) 19 nine 10 32.79 7.10 years), participated mechanistic clinical trial that elicited trauma-incited replaying recorded scripts followed or (double-blind, randomized). Continuous electrocardiogram data were collected used measure temporal alignment resampling beat-by-beat time series performed distinctively enable timepoint averaging entire research visit. We then aggregated across same group (active/sham × PTSD/non-PTSD) multi-hour Analysis revealed accrued reductions among who received compared those (P < 0.05). These not observed non-PTSD participants. Notably, reduced approximately 5% below baseline levels end ∼3 h-long protocol, indicating cardiac function. induces PTSD, potentially suggesting temporary reduction associated PTSD.

Language: Английский

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Effect of probiotics on cognitive function and cardiovascular risk factors in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: an umbrella meta-analysis

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: April 8, 2025

This umbrella meta-analysis evaluates the effects of probiotics on cognitive function and metabolic health in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mild impairment (MCI) by synthesizing findings from meta-analyses randomized controlled trials (RCTs), as existing evidence remains inconclusive. A systematic search was conducted PubMed, Web Science, Scopus to identify RCTs investigating impact probiotic supplementation biomarkers. The random-effects model used. Heterogeneity publication bias were assessed. Thirteen meta-analyses, comprising 3910 patients, included. Probiotics significantly improved AD (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.33 1.23) MCI 0.43, 0.15 0.70). also increased total antioxidant capacity 0.40, 0.11 0.70) reduced MDA - 0.35, 0.62 0.09) hs-CRP 0.59, 0.87 0.30). Insulin resistance improved, reflected decreased HOMA-IR 0.34, 0.43 0.26). No significant observed glutathione, nitric oxide, or lipid profiles. Probiotic appears enhance parameters individuals with AD, likely through mechanisms involving inflammation reduction, oxidative stress modulation, insulin sensitivity. Further high-quality are required validate these determine optimal formulations.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Perspective of Dietary Influences on the Gut Microbiome alongside Neurological Health: Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2025

Gut-brain axis, an intricate, two-way communication network between gut microorganisms and the central nervous system, plays a critical role in controlling brain function thereby influencing mental health. Changes to this frequently due shifts microbiota, can greatly affect by hindering creation of essential metabolites. This review examines new nutritional trends, including fermented foods diets rich prebiotics, that demonstrate potential improve microbial diversity metabolic well-being. Although current studies emphasize possible advantages, most concentrate mainly on older populations, leaving research younger groups limited. The field psychiatry encounters difficulties methodologies intricacies nutrient balance, potentially prompt interventions. highlights necessity for prolonged evaluate effects eating habits, especially regarding Western dietary patterns. Promising fields include influence Mediterranean diet, symbiotic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), importance high-fiber foods, polyphenols, fruits vegetables enhancing health through gut-derived We promote interdisciplinary methods combine nutrition science, microbiology, neurology create tailored recommendations focused

Language: Английский

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The oral microbiome is associated with HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 9, 2024

Intense psychosocial stress during early life has a detrimental effect on health-disease balance in later life. Simultaneously, despite its sensitivity to stress, the developing microbiome contributes long-term health. Following exposure, HPA-axis activation regulates "fight or flight" response with release of glucose and cortisol. Here, we investigated interaction between oral response. We used cohort 115 adults, mean age 24, who either experienced institutionalisation adoption (n = 40) were non-adopted controls 75). Glucose cortisol measurements taken from participants following an extended socially evaluated cold pressor test (seCPT) at multiple time points. The cohort´s was profiled via 16S-V4 sequencing microbial DNA saliva buccal samples. Using mixed-effect linear regressions, identified 12 genera that exhibited host's cortisol-glucose strongly influencing intensity clearance exposure. Particularly, taxa influenced profiles kinetics seCPT In conclusion, our study provided evidence for modifying human metabolism, as shown glucose-cortisol series data.

Language: Английский

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