Human–dog relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: booming dog adoption during social isolation

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2020

Abstract The recent COVID-19 pandemic led to uncertainty and severe health economic concerns. Previous studies indicated that owning a companion animal, such as dog or cat, has benefits for good mental health. Interactions with animals may help depression anxiety, particularly under stress-prone conditions. Human–animal interactions even improve peer-to-peer social relationships, well enhance feelings of respect, trust, empathy between people. Interestingly, it also been shown stress poor well-being owners negatively affect the their animals. However, dramatic increase in abandonment could potentially occur due related health, stresses, inconclusive reports being potential carriers. Such scenario lead high costs considerable public risks. Accordingly, we hypothesized pandemic, isolation, might changes human–dog bidirectional relationships. Using unique prospective retrospective datasets, our objectives were investigate how people perceived acted during regards adoption abandonment; examine relationship dogs. Overall, according analysis, isolation became more stringent interest rate increased significantly, while did not change. Moreover, there was clear association an individual’s impaired quality life perceptions parallel deterioration dogs new behavioral problems. As humans are both animals, these findings suggest relationships accordance One Welfare approach implies is connection welfare non-human climate continues change, disasters including pandemics will likely occur, highlighting importance research into crisis-driven human–animal

Language: Английский

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A distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and evaluate a sensitive generalizable signature predictive momentary self-reported experience across discovery (n = 67), validation 20) generalization 31) cohorts. We systematically demonstrate that accurate prediction crucially requires distributed brain systems, important contributions from cortical (e.g., prefrontal, midcingulate insular cortices) subcortical thalamus, periaqueductal gray, basal forebrain amygdala) regions. further representation is distinguishable conditioned threat general negative affect. Overall, our findings suggest fear, which exhibits distinct some other aversive states, encoded rather than isolated 'fear centers'.

Language: Английский

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Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from social behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behavior with recommendations of epidemiologists public experts. Here we discuss evidence selection research topics relevant pandemics, including work navigating threats, cultural influences behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, stress coping. In each section, note nature quality prior research, uncertainty unsettled issues. We identify several for effective response pandemic, also highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly fill in coming weeks months.

Language: Английский

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The functional role of cardiac activity in perception and action

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 104655 - 104655

Published: April 5, 2022

SKORA, L.I., J.J.A. LIVERMORE and K. Roelofs. The functional role of cardiac activity in perception action. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV X(X) XXX-XXX, 2022. Patterns continuously vary with environmental demands, accelerating or decelerating depending on circumstances. Simultaneously, cycle affects a host higher-order processes, where systolic baroreceptor activation largely impairs processing. However, unified perspective the signal action has been lacking. Here, we combine existing strands literature use threat-, anticipation-, error-related deceleration to show that is an adaptive mechanism dynamically attenuating associated each heartbeat minimise its impact exteroceptive This allows enhance attention afforded external prepare appropriate course Conversely, acceleration reduced need attend externally, enhanced tendencies behavioural readjustment. novel account demonstrates dynamic adjustments heart rate serve purpose regulating level precision internal versus evidence order optimise highlights importance behaviour lies regulation.

Language: Английский

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The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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The nature and neurobiology of fear and anxiety: State of the science and opportunities for accelerating discovery

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 105237 - 105237

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fear conditioning: Insights into learning, memory and extinction and its relevance to clinical disorders

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 111310 - 111310

Published: March 6, 2025

Fear, whether innate or learned, is an essential emotion required for survival. The learning, and subsequent memory, of fearful events enhances our ability to recognise respond threats, aiding adaptation new, ever-changing environments. Considerable research has leveraged associative learning protocols such as contextual auditory forms fear conditioning in rodents, understand memory consolidation extinction phases memory. Such assays have led detailed characterisation the underlying neurocircuitry neurobiology supporting processes. Given processing conserved across rodents humans, experiments provide translational insights into fundamental processes fear-related pathologies. This review examines used measure extinction, before providing overview on complex including amygdala, hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex. followed by in-depth commentary neurobiology, particularly synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which regulate extinction. Next, we consider how can inform understanding disrupted human disorders post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety psychiatric schizophrenia. Lastly, critically evaluate protocols, highlighting some experimental theoretical limitations considerations when conducting assays, alongside recent methodological advancements field. Overall, rodent-based remain central making progress uncovering phenomena aetiological mechanisms that underpin associated disorders, development effective therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(12), P. 3186 - 3191

Published: March 5, 2018

Significance Humans, like other animals, have evolved a set of neural circuits whose primary function is survival. In the case predation, these include “reactive fear” involved in fast escape decisions and “cognitive that are more complex processing associated with slow strategic escape. Using neuroimaging combined computational modeling, we support this differentiation fear by showing elicited periaqueductal gray midcingulate cortex, regions reactive flight. Conversely, slower rely on hippocampus, posterior cingulate prefrontal circuit implicated behavioral flexibility. These results separation into cognitive circuits.

Language: Английский

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World Models

arXiv (Cornell University), Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

We explore building generative neural network models of popular reinforcement learning environments. Our world model can be trained quickly in an unsupervised manner to learn a compressed spatial and temporal representation the environment. By using features extracted from as inputs agent, we train very compact simple policy that solve required task. even our agent entirely inside its own hallucinated dream generated by model, transfer this back into actual An interactive version paper is available at https://worldmodels.github.io/

Language: Английский

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Adaptive Memory

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 496 - 511

Published: July 1, 2016

A few seconds of survival processing, during which people assess the relevance information to a situation, produces particularly good retention. One interpretation this benefit is that our memory systems are optimized process and retain fitness-relevant information. Such “tuning” may exist, in part, because were shaped by natural selection, using fitness-based criterion. However, recent research suggests traditional mnemonic processes, such as elaborative play an important role producing empirical benefit. Boundary conditions have been demonstrated well, leading some dismiss evolutionary interpretations phenomenon. In article, we discuss current state account provide general framework for evaluating purportedly nonevolutionary phenomena. We suggest processing effects best viewed within context optimization system, designed nature help organisms deal with challenges. An component ability simulate activities prevent or escape from future threats which, turn, depends way on accurate retrospective remembering survival-relevant

Language: Английский

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