Effects of Early Life Stress on the Developing Basolateral Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Circuit: The Emerging Role of Local Inhibition and Perineuronal Nets

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as increased anxiety depression are now well established, although specific neurobiological developmental mechanisms that translate ELS into poor health outcomes still unclear. consequences complex because they depend on form severity stress, duration, age exposure co-occurrence with other forms physical or psychological trauma. long term effects corticolimbic circuit underlying emotional social behavior particularly salient occurs during critical periods in establishment this circuit, its local balance inhibition:excitation connections neuronal pathways. Using examples drawn from human rodent literature, we review some development how it might impact fear regulation a sex- hemispheric-dependent manner both humans rodents. We explore inhibitory neurons formation perineuronal nets (PNNs) terminate plasticity promote stable networks. Overall, bulk studies report transient and/or lasting alterations glutamatergic circuits interneurons (INs) their associated PNNs. Since activity INs plays key role maturation cortical regions field potentials, these triggered by critically participate psychiatric disorders adulthood, including impaired extinction behavior.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences matter: Males and females are equal but not the same

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 114038 - 114038

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Sex differences between males and females can be detected early in life. They are present also later even to a much greater extent affecting our life adulthood wide spectrum of physical, psychological, cognitive, behavioral characteristics. Moreover, sex matter individual's health disease. In this article, we reviewed at first the brain organization function with respect underlying biological mechanisms. Since individual functional brain, turn, shape behavior, sex-specific psychological/behavioral that observed infants but adults consequently addressed. Finally, briefly mention sex-dependent variations susceptibility selected disorders as well their pathophysiology, diagnosis, response therapy. The understanding biologically determined variability have important implications, especially gender-specific care. We impression it is very emphasize matters. Males differently programmed by nature, must respected. Even though not same, would like still equal together form worthy colorful continuum.

Language: Английский

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Sensitive periods in development and risk for psychiatric disorders and related endpoints: a systematic review of child maltreatment findings

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 978 - 991

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Potential Differences in Psychedelic Actions Based on Biological Sex

Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 165(8)

Published: July 1, 2024

The resurgence of interest in psychedelics as treatments for psychiatric disorders necessitates a better understanding potential sex differences response to these substances. Sex biological variable (SABV) has been historically neglected medical research, posing limits our treatment efficacy. Human studies have provided insights into the efficacy across various diagnoses and aspects cognition, yet sex-specific effects remain unclear, making it difficult draw strong conclusions about sex-dependent psychedelic treatments. Compounding this further, animal used understand mechanisms predominantly use one present mixed neurobiological behavioral outcomes. Studies that do include both sexes often not investigate which may hinder translation findings clinic. In reviewing responses psychedelics, we will highlight direct interaction between estrogen (the most extensively studied steroid hormone) serotonin system (central mechanism action psychedelics), estrogen-serotonin interactions influence female participants. Estrogen influences neurotransmission by affecting its synthesis release, well modulating sensitivity responsiveness receptor subtypes brain. This could potentially females modifying their therapeutic menstrual cycles developmental stages. Investigating context research aid advancement outcomes, especially conditions with prevalence.

Language: Английский

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Disruption of Normal Brain Distribution of [18F]Nifene to α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptors in Old B6129SF2/J Mice and Transgenic 3xTg-AD Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease: In Vivo PET/CT Imaging Studies

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121092 - 121092

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sex mechanisms as nonbinary influences on cognitive diversity

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 105544 - 105544

Published: April 20, 2024

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles sex-related variables behavior and cognition are strong interest to many, with several lines research showing effects on executive functions value-based decision making particular. These findings often framed within binary, females described as less optimal than male "defaults"-- framing that pits males against each other deemphasizes enormous overlap fundamental neural mechanisms across sexes. Here, we propose an alternative framework which factors encompass just one subset many sources valuable diversity cognition. First, review literature establishing multidimensional, nonbinary impacts related chromosomes endocrine cognition, focusing value- based decision-making tasks. Next, present two suggestions for interpretations analyses data can be implemented by behavioral neuroscientists without devoting laboratory resources delving into underlying differences. We recommend (1) shifting away from performance metrics towards strategy assessments avoid fallacy is worse another; (2) asking how much variance explains measures whether any mosaic rather assuming separate inextricably correlated. Nonbinary frameworks will allow neuroscience represent full spectrum brains behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal opioid exposure reprograms the behavioural response to future alcohol reward

Addiction Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

Abstract As the opioid crisis has continued to grow, so number of infants exposed opioids during prenatal period. A growing concern is that exposure may induce persistent neurological changes increase propensity for future addictions. Although alcohol represents most likely addictive substance population will encounter as they mature, no studies date have examined effect on sensitivity reward. Using a recently developed mouse model methadone (PME), we investigated rewarding properties and consumption in male female adolescent PME saline (PSE) control animals. Conditioned place preference was disrupted offspring sex‐dependent manner with males exhibiting resistance alcohol. Repeated injections revealed enhanced locomotor‐stimulating effects specific females. consumed significantly more over 4 weeks access relative PSE exhibited increased quinine‐adulterated Further, novel machine learning employ measured differences drinking microstructure reliably predict exposure. These findings indicate alters reward mice sex‐specific suggests neurocircuitry can reprogram behavioural response later life.

Language: Английский

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Examining litter specific variability in mice and its impact on neurodevelopmental studies

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 119888 - 119888

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Our current understanding of litter variability in neurodevelopmental studies using mice may limit translation neuroscientific findings. Higher variance measures across litters than within, often termed intra-litter likeness, be attributable to both pre- and postnatal environment. This study aimed assess the litter-effect within behavioral assessments (2 timepoints) anatomy T1-weighted magnetic resonance images 72 brain region volumes (4 (36 C57bl/6J inbred mice; 7 litters: 19F/17M). Between-litter comparisons their associations were evaluated univariate multivariate techniques. A power analysis simulation methods was then performed on modeled neurodevelopment evaluate trade-offs between number-of-litters, number-of-mice-per-litter, sample size. results show litter-specific developmental effects, from adolescent period adulthood for structure behaviors, adulthood. suggests increasing number-of-litters experimental designs achieve smallest total size necessary detecting different rates change specific regions. demonstrate how effects influence development that ratio should strongly considered when designing studies.

Language: Английский

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Gephyrin phosphorylation facilitates sexually dimorphic development and function of parvalbumin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 2510 - 2526

Published: March 19, 2024

The precise function of specialized GABAergic interneuron subtypes is required to provide appropriate synaptic inhibition for regulating principal neuron excitability and synchronization within brain circuits. Of these, parvalbumin-type (PV neuron) dysfunction a feature several sex-biased psychiatric disorders, although, the underlying developmental mechanisms are unclear. While transcriptional action sex hormones generates sexual dimorphism during development, whether kinase signaling contributes differences in PV remains unexplored. In hippocampus, we report that gephyrin, main inhibitory post-synaptic scaffolding protein, phosphorylated at serine S268 S270 developmentally-dependent manner both males females. When examining Gphn

Language: Английский

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Sexually dimorphic effects of a modified adolescent social isolation paradigm on behavioral risk factors of alcohol use disorder in Long Evans Rats

Addiction Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100134 - 100134

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Early life stress (ELS) is a major risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions. We previously demonstrated that an adolescent social isolation (aSI) model of ELS significantly increased behavioral factors these disorders (e.g. anxiety-like behaviors, drinking) in male, but not female rats. Since many neurodevelopmental milestones are accelerated females, we investigated whether earlier/shorter window (PND 21-38) would yield comparable phenotypes both sexes. In two experiments, Long Evans rats were socially isolated (SI) or group-housed (GH) on postnatal day (PND) 21 locomotion was assessed the open field test (OFT; PND 30). Experiment 1 also behavior elevated plus-maze (EPM) 32). 2, all single housed 38 to assess home cage drinking. revealed SI females had locomotor activity OFT did differ from GH subjects EPM. The results replicated sexes 2 male greater ethanol consumption during eight continuous access paradigm. contrast, subsequent intermittent two-bottle choice drinking, only displayed intake preference quinine-adulterated solution. These findings demonstrate early can promote AUD vulnerability-related there profound sex differences vulnerability this stressor. Uncovering neural mechanisms responsible sexually dimorphic sensitivity may shed light biological substrates associated with negative emotion men women.

Language: Английский

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