Mechanisms of long COVID: An updated review

Chinese Medical Journal - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 231 - 240

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing for more than 3 years, with an enormous impact on global health and economies. In some patients, symptoms signs may remain after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which cannot be explained by alternate diagnosis; this condition defined as long COVID. Long COVID exist in patients both mild is prevalent infection different SARS-CoV-2 variants. most common include fatigue, dyspnea, other involving multiple organs. Vaccination results lower rates of To date, the mechanisms unclear. narrative review, we summarized clinical presentations current evidence regarding pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Human prion protein and prion-like misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on vitro vivo experimental evidence relating to disease, we extrapolate from the compelling that spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic infer its potential cause disease. We propose vaccine-induced synthesis can facilitate accumulation toxic fibrils neurons. outline various pathways through which these proteins could be expected distribute throughout body. review both cellular pathologies expression disease become more frequent those who have undergone mRNA vaccination. Specifically, describe protein’s contributions, via properties, neuroinflammation diseases; clotting disorders within vasculature; further risk due suppressed regulation context prevalent insulin resistance; other health complications. explain why characteristics relevant vaccine-related mRNA-induced than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. note an optimism apparent loss properties among current Omicron variants. acknowledge chain pathological events described this paper is only hypothetical not yet verified. also usher in, while grounded research literature, currently largely circumstantial, direct. Finally, implications our findings for general public, briefly discuss public recommendations feel need urgent consideration. An earlier version article was previously posted Authorea preprint server August 16, 2022.

Language: Английский

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From long COVID to neurodegeneration

Brain Circulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 94 - 95

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic Implications of Human Coronaviruses in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective from Amyloid Aggregation

ACS Chemical Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include seven species: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2. The last three, classified as Betacoronaviruses, are highly transmissible have caused severe pandemics. HCoV infections primarily affect the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such dry cough, fever, breath shortness, which can progress acute failure death. Beyond effects, increasing evidence links HCoVs neurological dysfunction. However, distinguishing direct neural complications from preexisting disorders, particularly in elderly, remains challenging. This study examines association between neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease, Parkinson Lewy body dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. It also presents long-term effects of their differential impact across age groups sexes. A key aspect this is investigation sequence structural similarities amyloidogenic spike proteins, provide insights into potential neuropathomechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and rapidly fatal neurological disease. Diagnosis made through clinical features, imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Sporadic CJD accounts for the majority of cases occurs due to somatic mutation in gene or random structural change prion protein. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) known cause neurodegeneration, acceleration hypothesized systemic inflammatory response misfolding. We present 70-year-old lady with progressing dementia diagnosed as CJD, onset coinciding COVID-19 infection.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the Correlation between COVID-19 and Neurodegenerative Processes: Toward a New Approach Based on EEG Entropic Analysis

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 435 - 435

Published: March 29, 2023

COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Although it primarily attacks tract, inflammation can also affect central nervous system (CNS), leading to chemo-sensory deficits such as anosmia and serious cognitive problems. Recent studies have shown a connection between neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, AD appears exhibit neurological mechanisms of protein interactions similar those that occur during COVID-19. Starting from these considerations, this perspective paper outlines new approach based on analysis complexity brain signals identify quantify common features disorders. Considering relation olfactory deficits, AD, COVID-19, we present experimental design involving tasks using multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) for electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis. Additionally, open challenges future perspectives. More specifically, are related lack clinical standards regarding EEG public data be exploited in phase. Furthermore, integration with machine learning still requires further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Suffocation in asthma and COVID-19: Supplementation of inhaled corticosteroids with alkaline hydrogen peroxide as an alternative to ECMO

Published: July 11, 2023

Suffocation syndrome is the leading cause of hypoxia and mortality in most common lung diseases, asthma COVID-19. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) have been shown to be main-stay critical care these diseases. Meanwhile, from strangulated highest low-income countries because ICSs are not currently available many patients. Warm alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions (WAHPSs) reportedly invented recent years urgently turn thick sputum, mucus, pus, serous fluid, blood clots other biological masses con-taining enzyme catalase into a fluffy oxygenated foam. It has that mechanism action WAHPSs consists saponification lipid protein-lipid complexes bi-ological their transformation oxygen foam, decomposed water gas under At excess absorbed through lungs increases saturation. Based on described high availability ingre-dients, it suggested choking COVID-19 can reduced by combining with inhaled WAHPSs, especially poor countries. The essence inventions underlying formation given.

Language: Английский

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Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Associated with E200K Mutation and SARS-CoV2 Infection: Pure Coincidence or Neurodegenerative Acceleration?

Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 16 - 16

Published: March 26, 2024

Several recent studies reported on some patients developing Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) following coronavirus 2019, but, to the best of our knowledge, this case is first in Italy an onset a CJD genetic form (gCJD) immediately after COVID-19 infection. We present 51-year-old woman with positive family history for CJD, who, two months mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, presented rapidly progressing dementia diagnosed as through clinical features, imaging, electroencephalography, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Genetic testing revealed E200K mutation (p.Glu200Lys) c.598G>A, homozygosity methionine (MET) at codon 129, thus confirming diagnosis disease. She passed away later. Interestingly, confirms that homozygous gCJD are characterized by relatively younger age onset; moreover, it also sheds light neurodegeneration underlying both prion diseases In opinion, rising global prevalence neurodegenerative complications adds urgency study potential relationship, mostly elderly who may experience worse long-lasting outcomes systemically within nervous system.

Language: Английский

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Endogenous miRNA-Based Innate-Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Invasion of the Brain

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3363 - 3363

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, possesses an unusually large positive-sense, single-stranded viral RNA (ssvRNA) genome about ~29,903 nucleotides (nt). In many respects, this ssvRNA resembles a very large, polycistronic messenger (mRNA) possessing 5′-methyl cap (m7GpppN), 3′- and 5′-untranslated region (3′-UTR, 5′-UTR), poly-adenylated (poly-A+) tail. As such, SARS-CoV-2 is susceptible to targeting by small non-coding (sncRNA) and/or microRNA (miRNA), as well neutralization inhibition its infectivity via human body’s natural complement ~2650 miRNA species. Depending on host cell tissue type, in silico analysis, sequencing, molecular-genetic investigations indicate that, remarkably, almost every single has potential interact with primary sequence ssvRNA. Individual variation abundance, speciation, complexity among different populations additional variability distribution angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor (ACE2R) appear further contribute basis for wide individual susceptibility COVID-19 infection. paper, we review recently described aspects ribonucleotide structure highly evolved miRNA–ssvRNA recognition signaling system and, first time, report most abundant miRNAs control superior temporal lobe neocortex (STLN), anatomical area involved cognition targeted both invasion Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We evaluate important factors involving neurotropic nature ACE2R STLN that modulate significant functional deficits brain CNS associated infection COVID-19’s long-term neurological effects.

Language: Английский

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Creutzfeldt -Jakob Disease Associated with E200K Mutation and SARS-Cov2 Infection, Pure Coincidence or Neurodegenerative Acceleration?

Published: Dec. 24, 2023

it has been just over three years since SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was first known as causing severe acute and highly transmissible respiratory syndrome coronavirus. During one of the worst global pandemics last century, caused by COVID-19 disease, under persistent immune pressure exerted newest vaccines, virus is fastly mutating becoming less severe, but more contagious. On other hand, some studies [1,2,3] indicate that elderly patients or those who have reported a virulent episode this infection, experience long-lasting neurological complications, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, cerebrovascular Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD) prion (PrD). So, there are several recent reports [4,5] developing PrD following but, to best our knowledge, case in Italy on an association PRNP E200K somatic mutation with gCJD. The rising prevalence neurodegenerative complications adds urgency study potential relationship.

Language: Английский

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