Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 789 - 789

Published: March 10, 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between gut and brain suggests that condition of microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics are nutritional supplements functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication gut–brain axis essential for maintaining homeostasis, pre-, pro-, potentially affecting various functions such as attention, perception, memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown incorporating into a healthy diet lead improvements in mood. Maintaining support optimal function, crucial disease prevention our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate benefits older individuals probiotic supplementation but not who good adequate levels physical activity. Additionally, it appears there patients mild impairment Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed seem arise younger healthier individuals. However, important acknowledge individual responses vary, use these dietary should be tailored each individual’s unique health circumstances needs.

Language: Английский

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Mind, Mood and Microbiota—Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3340 - 3340

Published: March 15, 2024

Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals’ cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and behavioral patterns. In the quest to discover novel therapies expand boundaries neuropharmacology, studies from field have highlighted gut microbiota’s role modulating these disorders. These alterations may influence brain’s processes through brain–gut axis, multifaceted bidirectional system that establishes connection between enteric central nervous systems. Thus, probiotic prebiotic supplements are meant overall health play an insightful alleviating psychiatric symptoms, such templates major depressive disorder, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Moreover, administration psychotropic drugs has been revealed induce specific changes microbiome’s diversity, suggesting their potential utility combating bacterial infections. This review emphasizes intricate correlations microbiota, mentioning promising approaches regard modulation treatments, well antimicrobial effects medication.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–neuroepithelial signalling across the gut–brain axis

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Gut‐Brain Axis in Parkinson disease: Emerging Concepts and Therapeutic Implications

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract Background The gut‐brain axis, i.e. the bidirectional communication system between gut and brain, has become of central importance in Parkinson disease (PD) research over past 20 years. Aims We aimed to describe milestones axis PD development theories proposing involvement gastrointestinal tract pathogenesis. Methods searched PubMed using terms ‘gut‐brain axis’ AND ‘Parkinson disease’, selected relevant articles provide foundation for reconstructing an historical overview PD. Results Mounting evidence from preclinical, clinical post‐mortem studies suggests that a subgroup patients present with range prodromal symptoms (e.g., autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder) which reflect initial accumulation later spread pathological α‐synuclein rostrally (“body‐first” PD). Through neural connections along may producing clinically manifest disease. Recently, two mechanisms involving have attracted increasing attention their role pathogenesis progression, namely perturbation composition microorganisms living (the microbiome), dysfunction enteroendocrine cells. Conclusion Treatments targeting especially microbiome cells pathway, could potentially slow progression or even prevent onset. Among these, pre/probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, entered advanced stages trials humans shown potential symptomatic disease‐modifying effects.

Language: Английский

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Enteroendocrine cells regulate intestinal homeostasis and epithelial function

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 593, P. 112339 - 112339

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are well-known for their systemic hormonal effects, especially in the regulation of appetite and glycemia. Much less is known about how products made by EECs regulate local environment within intestine. Here, we focus on paracrine interactions between other intestinal as they three essential aspects homeostasis physiology: 1) stem cell function proliferation; 2) nutrient absorption; 3) mucosal barrier function. We also discuss ability to express multiple hormones, describe vitro vivo models study EECs, consider altered GI disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut-to-brain regulation of Drosophila aging through neuropeptide F, insulin, and juvenile hormone

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(43)

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Dietary restriction (DR) slows aging in many animals, while some cases, the sensory signals from diet alone are sufficient to retard or accelerate lifespan. The digestive tract is a candidate location sense nutrients, where neuropeptides secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EEC) produce systemic response food. Here, we measure how Drosophila neuropeptide F (NPF) into adult circulation EEC and find that specific differentially respond dietary sugar yeast. Female lifespan increased when gut NPF genetically depleted, this manipulation blunt longevity benefit conferred DR. Depletion of receptors at insulin-producing neurons brain also increases female lifespan, consistent with observations loss decreases neuronal insulin secretion. repressing reversed treating adults juvenile hormone (JH) analog. JH produced corpora allata, inhibition receptor tissue titer extends both males females, restored wild type Overall, modulate through interorgan communication mediated gut–brain–corpora allata axis, impacts its control titer. These data suggest consider human incretins their analogs, which used treat obesity diabetes, may impact aging.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Early-Life Cecal Microbiota Transplantation on Social Stress and Injurious Behaviors in Egg-Laying Chickens

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 471 - 471

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Injurious behaviors (i.e., aggressive pecking, feather and cannibalism) in laying hens are a critical issue facing the egg industry due to increased social stress related health welfare issues as well economic losses. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis increases gut permeability, releasing various neuroactive factors, causing neuroinflammation neuropsychiatric disorders via microbiota-gut-brain axis, consequently increasing frequency intensity of aggression violent behaviors. Restoration imbalanced microbial composition has become novel treatment strategy for mental illnesses, such depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, impulsivity, compulsivity. A similar function modulating following challenge may be present egg-laying chickens. The avian cecum, multi-purpose organ, greatest bacterial biodiversity (bacterial diversity, richness, species composition) along gastrointestinal tract, with vitally important functions maintaining physiological behavioral homeostasis, especially during periods stress. To identify effects microbiome on injurious chickens, we have designed tested transferring cecal contents from two divergently selected inbred chicken lines stress-related recipient chicks commercial layer strain. This article reports outcomes multi-year study modification microbiota reduce An discovery this corpus experiments is that chickens can reduced or inhibited through modifying brain serotonergic activities gut-brain without donor-recipient genetic effects.

Language: Английский

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Dual independent mechanisms underlying gut epithelial remodeling upon sugar substitute consumption

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(3)

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are dynamically regulated by luminal contents, including dietary ingredients, food additives, and microbiota‐derived metabolites. Although sugar substitutes commonly used as additives for their sweet taste lower calorie content, there is limited experimental evidence regarding potential to drive gut remodeling. In this study, we designed models short‐term consumption of erythritol, a natural alcohol widely substitute, investigated its effects on remodeling the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate that erythritol induces hyperplasia in tuft (TCs) goblet (GCs), well enhances activity intestinal stem cells–increases expression levels leucine‐rich repeat containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 ( Lgr5 ), key cell marker, number proliferating cells, facilitation differentiation into villi cells–while maintaining + cells. Notably, enhanced was observed even Trpm5 knockout mice, suggesting it mechanistically independent TC hyperplasia. Instead, demonstrated functional involvement microbiota, antibiotic treatment abolished effect, fecal material transfer from erythritol‐consumed mice replicated enhancement recipient mice. Furthermore, identified acetate metabolite responsible enhancing activity. These suggest decoupling activity, providing therapeutic avenue diseases.

Language: Английский

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Role of DPP-4 and NPY Family Peptides in Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 504 - 504

Published: March 15, 2025

Background and Objectives: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) family peptides dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are involved in gastrointestinal regulation may contribute to obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology. This study investigates their expression jejunal muscular tissue associations with symptoms patients obesity, (OB+/DM+) without T2DM (OB+/DM−). Materials Methods: cross-sectional includes forty-four undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass divided based on status. Gastrointestinal were assessed using the Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, samples analyzed for DPP-4, NPY, peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) mRNA protein levels. Results: PYY, PP gene was similar between groups. In OB+/DM+ group, higher, while DPP-4 PYY lower compared OB+/DM− group. Significant positive correlations found only correlated group showed (abdominal pain), (indigestion), NPY (constipation). Conclusions: The demonstrates significant differences or T2DM. Peptide non-diabetic suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms, warranting further research.

Language: Английский

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Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota metabolites: The dual impact of vitamins and functional amyloids

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1871(6), P. 167862 - 167862

Published: April 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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