Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 514 - 514

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for role in imparting characteristic red-pink color various organisms, AX is currently experiencing surge interest research. The growing body of literature this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities properties. However, potential algae-derived as solution global environmental societal challenges that threaten life our planet not received extensive attention. Furthermore, historical context nature, well significance diverse cultures traditional health practices, have been comprehensively explored previous works. This review article embarks comprehensive journey through history leading up present, offering insights into discovery AX, chemical distribution biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves intricate realm benefits, biofunctional characteristics, current market status AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, aims provide readers with more profound understanding robust foundation future scientific endeavors directed at addressing needs sustainable nutritional medicinal solutions. An updated summary present status, applications are also included well-rounded perspective.

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review: The Effect and Importance of Carotenoids on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15199 - 15199

Published: Oct. 15, 2023

Aging is generally defined as a time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms. The positive increase in life expectancy has brought along aging-related diseases. Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can be given one of causes aging. At same time, oxidative reactive oxygen species (ROS) main reason for diseases such cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, liver, skin, eye diabetes. Carotenoids, natural compound, used to change course aging diseases, thanks their highly effective oxygen-quenching ROS-scavenging properties. Therefore, this narrative review, conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar databases complying with Scale Assessment Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines, effects carotenoids on were analyzed. Carotenoids are fat-soluble, unsaturated pigments occur naturally plants, fungi, algae, photosynthetic bacteria. A large number works have been relation Animal human studies found significantly reduce obesity fatty lower blood sugar, improve liver fibrosis cirrhosis, well risk cardiovascular disease erythema formation, while also lowering glycated hemoglobin fasting plasma glucose levels. Carotenoid supplementation may preventing delaying treating fatigue dry disease, improving macular function. These stop, delay, or treat due powerful antioxidant, restorative, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging As an increasingly population emerges globally, review could provide important prospective contribution public health.

Language: Английский

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Astaxanthin: A promising therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 106657 - 106657

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Fibrosis is the end-stage pathological manifestation of many chronic diseases. Infiltration inflammatory cells and activation myofibroblasts are most prominent features fibrosis, with excessive deposition extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues leading to organ tissue damage, which eventually progresses failure leads high mortality rates. At present, a large number studies have been conducted on mechanism fibrosis development has generally recognized. However, prevention treatment still an unsolved problem, shortage drugs that can be used clinic persists. Astaxanthin (ASTX), carotenoid, widely known for its strong antioxidant capacity. ASTX also other biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiaging anticancer properties. Recently, papers reported inhibits occurrence by regulating signaling molecular pathways, transforming growth factor-β/small mother against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β1/Smad), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), microRNA, factor-E2-related 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf 2/ARE) reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. By targeting these may become potential drug fibrotic In this review, we summarize therapeutic effects underlying mechanisms action. reviewing results from vitro vivo studies, analyzed prospects various diseases provided insights into strategies exploring new fibrosis.

Language: Английский

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Astaxanthin treatment decreases pro‐inflammatory cytokines and improves reproductive outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A randomized clinical trial

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 2337 - 2347

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Astaxanthin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanoparticles alleviates atherosclerosis by suppressing macrophage ferroptosis via the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 765, P. 110316 - 110316

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Astaxanthin ameliorates benzalkonium chloride–induced dry eye disease through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress via Keap1‐Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Dry eye disease (DED) predominantly results from elevated tear film osmolarity, which can not only cause ocular inconvenience but may lead to visual impairments, severely compromising patient well-being and exerting substantial economic burdens as well. Astaxanthin (AST), a member of the xanthophylls recognized for its robust abilities combat inflammation oxidation, is common dietary supplement. Nonetheless, precise molecular pathways through AST influences DED are still poorly understood. Therapeutic targets were identified using data GeneCards, PharmMapper, Swiss Target Prediction databases, STITCH datasets. Similarly, dry delineated leveraging resources such Database (TTD), DisGeNET, OMIM DrugBank Interactions among shared charted displayed CytoScape 3.9.0. Gene Ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes pathway analyses conducted elucidate functions pivotal within protein-protein interaction network. Molecular interactions between key confirmed docking AutoDock PyMOL. dynamics simulations performed GROMACS 2022.3. Viability human corneal epithelial cells (hCEC) was assessed across varying concentrations AST. A mouse model experimental developed 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), animals administered 100 mg/kg/day orally 7 days. The efficacy treatments series diagnostic tests evaluate condition surface after interventions. levels oxidative stress quantitatively methods reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence staining. Network pharmacology suggests that alleviate by influencing oxidation-reduction signaling reducing provoked BAC. In vivo experiments demonstrated an improved overall in AST-administered mice contrast control group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated decrease Keap1 protein tissues AST-treated significant increase Nrf2 HO-1 protein. vitro studies significantly enhanced cell viability suppressed reactive oxygen species expression under hyperosmotic (HS) conditions, thereby protecting epithelium. capable shielding BAC-induced DED, decelerating progression mitigating damage HS conditions hCEC cells. protective impact on operate stimulating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our research findings indicate be promising treatment offering new insights into treatment.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances and the Mechanism of Astaxanthin in Ophthalmological Diseases

Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 11

Published: May 20, 2022

Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring carotenoid that has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis effects used for the prevention of cancer. There growing evidence AST multiple protective against various eye diseases. This article reviews function potential mechanism in dry syndrome, keratitis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, high intraocular pressure, other ocular It provides theoretical basis clinical application as nutraceutical.

Language: Английский

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Novel Role of Molecular Hydrogen: The End of Ophthalmic Diseases?

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1567 - 1567

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which displays non-toxic features at high concentrations. H2 can alleviate oxidative damage, reduce inflammatory reactions inhibit apoptosis cascades, thereby inducing protective repairing effects on cells. be transported into the body in form of gas, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), saline (HRS) or produced by intestinal bacteria. Accumulating evidence suggest that against multiple ophthalmic diseases, including cataracts, dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR) other fields. In particular, has been tested treatment disease corneal endothelial injury clinical practice. This medical brought hope to patients suffering from blindness. Although demonstrated promising therapeutic potentials broad application prospects, further large-scale studies involving more are still needed determine its optimal mode dosage. this paper, we have reviewed basic characteristics H2, diseases. We also focus latest progress administration approaches mechanisms underlying these benefits.

Language: Английский

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Astaxanthin Carotenoid Modulates Oxidative Stress in Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affected Horses by Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1039 - 1039

Published: July 27, 2022

Astaxanthin is gaining recognition as a natural bioactive component. This study aimed to test whether astaxanthin could protect adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) from apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Phaffia rhodozyma was used extract astaxanthin, whose biocompatibility tested after 24, 48 72 h of incubation with the cells; no harmful impact found. ASCs were treated optimal concentrations astaxanthin. Several parameters examined: cell viability, reactive oxygen levels, dynamics metabolism, superoxide dismutase activity, astaxanthin's antioxidant capacity. A RT PCR analysis performed each test. The treatment significantly reduced apoptosis by modifying normalized caspase activity pro-apoptotic pathways (p21, p53, Bax). Furthermore, regulating expression related master factors SOD1, SOD2, PARKIN, PINK 1, MFN alleviated stress failure caused EMS. restored phosphorylation stimulating markers associated OXPHOS machinery: COX4I1, COX4I2, UQCRC2, NDUFA9, TFAM. Our results suggest that has potential open new possibilities for bio-drugs control suppress stress, thereby improving overall metabolic status equine suffering syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Clinical management of eye diseases: carotenoids and their nanoformulations as choice of therapeutics

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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