Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer–A Review of the Current Clinical Status

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be in various types of tumors. Originally, light is effective tool that the diseases ages. The effects combination specific dyes with illumination was demonstrated at beginning 20th century novel PDT approaches have developed ever since. Main strategies current studies are to reduce off-target improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given high interest vast literature about topic, approval first drug/device by FDA should come no surprise. consists two stages treatment, combining energy PS order destruct tumor cells after activation light. In general, fewer side toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. addition purpose several PSs diagnostic purposes Such called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). this Review, we provide general overview clinical applications cancer, including therapeutic approaches. Assessment efficacy clinic will discussed, since identifying predictors determine response crucial. addition, examples tumors discussed. Furthermore, other modalities such chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery immunotherapy emphasized, seem promising terms enhancing effectiveness against tumor. treatments may yield better results single treatments. Moreover, utilization lower doses setting cause less therapy. A understanding well optimization complex multimodal expand PDT.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the tumor stroma for cancer therapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an essential part the tumor microenvironment, stroma is highly dynamic, heterogeneous commonly tumor-type specific, it mainly includes noncellular compositions such as extracellular matrix unique cancer-associated vascular system well a wide variety cellular components including activated fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, pericytes. All these elements operate with each other in coordinated fashion collectively promote initiation, progression, metastasis therapeutic resistance. Over past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted to study interaction crosstalk between neoplastic cells. Meanwhile, we also witnessed exponential increase investigation recognition critical roles solid tumors. A series clinical trials targeting launched continually. In this review, introduce discuss current advances understanding various their cancers. We elaborate on potential novel approaches for tumor-stroma-based targeting, aim leap from bench bedside.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the effects of chemotherapy on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its tumor microenvironment

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex ecosystem that drives progression; however, in-depth single cell characterization of the PDAC TME and its role response to therapy lacking. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on freshly collected human samples either before or after chemotherapy. Overall, find heterogeneous mixture basal classical cancer subtypes, along with distinct cancer-associated fibroblast macrophage subpopulations. Strikingly, basal-like cells exhibit similar transcriptional responses chemotherapy do not demonstrate shift towards program among treated samples. We observe decreased ligand-receptor interactions samples, particularly between TIGIT CD8 + T receptor cells, identify as major inhibitory checkpoint molecule cells. Our results suggest profoundly impacts may promote resistance immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Cancer progression is primarily caused by interactions between transformed cells and the components of tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages) make up majority invading immune components, which are further categorized as anti-tumor M1 pro-tumor M2 subtypes. While known to have anti-cancer properties, recognized extend a protective role tumor. As result, manipulates TME in such way that it induces macrophage infiltration switching bias secure its survival. This M2-TAM promotes cancer cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix remodeling for metastatic support, manipulation an immunosuppressive state. additionally promote emergence stem (CSCs), their ability originate, metastasize, relapse into tumors. CSCs also help revealing escape survival strategies during initiation phases. review describes reasons immunotherapy failure and, thereby, devises better impair tumor-TAM crosstalk. study will shed light on understudied TAM-mediated address much-needed holistic approach therapy, encompasses targeting cells, CSCs, all at same time.

Language: Английский

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The tumor microenvironment shows a hierarchy of cell-cell interactions dominated by fibroblasts

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of non-malignant cells that interact with each other and cancer cells, critically impacting biology. TME complex, understanding it requires simplifying approaches. Here we provide an experimental-mathematical approach to decompose the into small circuits interacting cell types. We find, using female breast single-cell-RNA-sequencing data, a hierarchical network interactions, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) at top secreting factors primarily tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This composed repeating circuit motifs. isolate strongest two-cell motif by culturing in-vitro, analyze their dynamics transcriptomes. isolated recapitulates hierarchy in-vivo enables testing effect ligand-receptor interactions on function, as demonstrate identifying mediator CAF-TAM - RARRES2, its receptor CMKLR1. Thus, complexity may be simplified circuits, facilitating development strategies modulate TME.

Language: Английский

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Dual Relationship Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 6, 2022

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and is comprised of different components, including cells, stromal immune cells. Among them, the relationship between each mediator involved construction TME can be understood by focusing on secreting or expressing factors from Therefore, understanding various interactions cellular component necessary for precise therapeutic approaches. In carcinoma, cells are well known to influence extracellular matrix (ECM) formation progression through multiple mediators. Immune respond causing cytotoxicity inflammatory responses. However, they escape immunoregulatory mechanisms. general, anti-cancer therapy has mainly been focused cancer themselves specific cell components. directly indirectly other partners, members such as also participate organization their mutual communication. this review, we summarized discussed positive negative relationships point view development use research applications strategies.

Language: Английский

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The chief architect in the tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Stromal heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one the major players stroma. The heterogeneous sources origin subsequent impacts crosstalk with breast cancer cells flaunt serious challenges before current therapies to cure triple-negative (TNBC) other cancers. positive reciprocal feedback CAFs induce dictates their mutual synergy establishing malignancy. Their substantial creating tumor-promoting niche has reduced efficacy several anti-cancer treatments, including radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy. Over years, there been an emphasis on understanding CAF-induced resistance order enhance therapy results. CAFs, majority cases, employ crosstalk, stromal management, strategies generate resilience surrounding cells. This emphasizes significance developing novel that target particular CAF subpopulations, which will improve treatment sensitivity impede growth. In this review, we discuss progression, altering response agents cancer. addition, also potential possible approaches for CAF-mediated therapies.

Language: Английский

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CAFs orchestrates tumor immune microenvironment—A new target in cancer therapy?

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 14, 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has opened a new landscape in cancer treatment, however, the poor specificity and resistance of most targeted therapeutics have limited their therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, role CAFs immune regulation been increasingly noted as more evidence uncovered regarding link between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) evolutionary process tumor progression. interact with cells to shape microenvironment (TIME) that favors malignant progression, crosstalk leads failure immunotherapies. this review, we outline advances immunosuppressive function CAFs, highlight mechanisms CAFs-immune cell interactions, discuss current CAF-targeted strategies for future study.

Language: Английский

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The promising role of tumor-associated macrophages in the treatment of cancer

Drug Resistance Updates, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 101041 - 101041

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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From gatekeepers to providers: regulation of immune functions by cancer-associated fibroblasts

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 421 - 443

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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