Understanding Cancer’s Defense against Topoisomerase-Active Drugs: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 680 - 680

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

In recent years, the emergence of cancer drug resistance has been one crucial tumor hallmarks that are supported by level genetic heterogeneity and complexities at cellular levels. Oxidative stress, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, overexpression ABC transporters, stemness among several key contributing molecular response mechanisms. Topo-active drugs, e.g., doxorubicin topotecan, clinically active utilized extensively against a wide variety human tumors often result in development failure to therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for incremental comprehensive understanding mechanisms specifically context topo-active drugs. This review delves into intricate mechanistic aspects these intracellular extracellular explores use potential combinatorial approaches utilizing various drugs inhibitors pathways involved resistance. We believe this will help guide basic scientists, pre-clinicians, clinicians, policymakers toward holistic interdisciplinary strategies transcend resistance, renewing optimism ongoing battle cancer.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, signaling molecules that interact promote growth therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cells TME crucial in understanding progression challenges. A critical process induced by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility invasiveness progression. By targeting various components TME, novel investigational strategies aim disrupt TME's contribution EMT, thereby improving efficacy, addressing resistance, offering a nuanced approach therapy. This review scrutinizes key players emphasizing avenues therapeutically components. Moreover, article discusses implications for resistance mechanisms highlights current toward modulation along with potential caveats.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts: Eliminate or Reprogram?

Cancer Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

ABSTRACT Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Given their various roles in progression and treatment resistance, CAFs promising therapeutic targets cancer. The elimination tumor‐promoting has been investigated animal models to determine whether it effectively suppresses growth. Based on recent evidence, several simple strategies have proposed eliminate attenuate these features. In addition, attention focused critical role that play immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, functional reprogramming combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors also as a possible approach. However, although potential widely characterized, plasticity heterogeneity complicate understanding properties present difficulties for clinical application. Moreover, identification tumor‐suppressive highlights necessity development approaches can distinguish switch between an appropriate manner. this review, we introduce origins diversity CAFs, cancer, current aimed at targeting including ongoing evaluations.

Language: Английский

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Drug Delivery System Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblast for Improving Immunotherapy

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 483 - 503

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of non-malignant cells that play crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, increasingly recognized as key contributors to cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. So, targeting CAFs has always been considered an important part immunotherapy. However, improve efficacy therapy is currently major challenge. Nanomaterials show their unique advantages whole process. At present, nanomaterials have achieved significant accomplishments medical applications, particularly field cancer-targeted therapy, showing enormous potential. It confirmed can not only directly target CAFs, but also interact with microenvironment (TME) immune affect tumorigenesis. As for treatment, could enhance therapeutic effect many ways. Therefore, this review, we first summarized current understanding complex interactions between TME, cells, cells. Next, discussed common modern medicine respective impacts on tumors. Finally, focus application nano drug delivery system therapy. Keywords: cancer-associated fibroblasts, delivery, nanomedicine, immunotherapy

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the enigma of tumor-associated macrophages: challenges, innovations, and the path to therapeutic breakthroughs

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral to the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing cancer progression significantly. Attracted by cell signals, TAMs exhibit unparalleled adaptability, aligning with dynamic milieu. Their roles span from promoting growth and angiogenesis modulating metastasis. While substantial research has explored fundamentals of TAMs, comprehending their adaptive behavior, leveraging it for novel treatments remains challenging. This review delves into TAM polarization, metabolic shifts, complex orchestration cytokines chemokines determining functions. We highlight complexities TAM-targeted focusing on adaptability potential variability in therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, we discuss synergy integrating TAM-focused strategies established treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy. Emphasis is laid pioneering methods like reprogramming immunotherapy adoption single-cell technologies precision intervention. synthesis seeks shed light TAMs’ multifaceted cancer, pinpointing prospective pathways transformative enhancing modalities oncology.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Tumor Microenvironment—Components, Functions and Therapeutics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(24), P. 17536 - 17536

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Similarly to our healthy organs, the tumor tissue also constitutes an ecosystem. This implies that stromal cells acquire altered phenotype in tandem with cells, thereby promoting survival. Cancer are fueled by abnormal blood vessels, allowing them develop and proliferate. Tumor-associated fibroblasts adapt their cytokine chemokine production needs of alter peritumoral stroma generating more collagen, stiffening matrix; these processes promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition cell invasion. Chronic inflammation mobilization pro-tumorigenic inflammatory further facilitate expansion. All events can impede effective administration treatment; so, successful inhibition tumorous matrix remodeling could enhance success antitumor therapy. Over last decade, significant progress has been made introduction novel immunotherapy targets inhibitory mechanisms T activation. However, extensive research is being conducted on components other types microenvironment (TME) may serve as potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts: insights into mechanisms of drug resistance

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 16, 2024

Introduction: Among the various stromal cell types within tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerge as predominant constituent, exhibiting a diverse array of oncogenic functions not intrinsic to normal fibroblasts. Their involvement spans across all stages tumorigenesis, encompassing initiation, progression, and metastasis. Current understanding posits coexistence distinct subpopulations CAFs microenvironment spectrum solid tumors, showcasing both pro- antitumor activities. Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics have revolutionized our ability meticulously dissect heterogeneity inherent CAF populations. Furthermore, accumulating evidence underscores pivotal role conferring therapeutic resistance tumors against drug modalities. Consequently, efforts are underway develop pharmacological agents specifically targeting CAFs. Methods: This review embarks on comprehensive analysis, consolidating data from 36 independent RNA sequencing investigations spanning 17 human malignant types. Results: Our exploration centers elucidating population markers, discerning their prognostic relevance, delineating functional contributions, underlying mechanisms orchestrating chemoresistance. Discussion: Finally, we deliberate potential harnessing promising targets for intervention strategies clinical oncology.

Language: Английский

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Oral Cancer Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Key Drivers of Treatment Resistance and Tumor Recurrence

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 177222 - 177222

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 104683 - 104683

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment’s Role in Breast Cancer: A Glimpse into Promising Frontiers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15332 - 15332

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Breast cancer (BC), one of the most widespread and devastating diseases affecting women worldwide, presents a significant public health challenge. This review explores emerging frontiers research focused on deciphering intricate interplay between BC cells immune microenvironment. Understanding role system in is critical as it holds promise for novel therapeutic approaches precision medicine strategies. delves into current literature regarding microenvironment's contribution to initiation, progression, metastasis. It examines complex mechanisms by which interact with various cell populations, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Furthermore, this highlights impact immune-related factors, such cytokines checkpoint molecules. Additionally, comprehensive analysis sheds light potential biomarkers associated response BC, enabling early diagnosis prognostic assessment. The implications targeting microenvironment are also explored, encompassing immunotherapeutic strategies combination therapies enhance treatment efficacy. significance lies its pave way interventions, providing clinicians researchers essential knowledge design targeted personalized regimens patients.

Language: Английский

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