The SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (M^pro): Structure, function, and emerging therapies for COVID‐19

MedComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: July 14, 2022

The main proteases (M

Language: Английский

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Xuanfei Baidu formula alleviates impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activated NLRP3 inflammasome by repressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-induced ALI and inflammation models

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 154545 - 154545

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Xuanfei Baidu Formula (XBF) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. This herbal has shown effects reducing clinical symptoms and shortening the average length of hospital stay COVID-19 patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that XBF alleviates acute lung injury (ALI) by regulating macrophage-mediated immune inflammation, but mechanisms action remain elusive. study aimed to evaluate lung-protective anti-inflammatory its underlying mechanisms. Here, XBF's were investigated ALI mouse model induced inhalation atomized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, LPS-induced inflammation RAW264.7 cells was used clarify against ALI. Our results showed treatment alleviated injury, as evidenced reduced histopathological changes, pulmonary alveoli permeability, fibrosis, apoptosis tissues. In addition, decreased levels tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β serum bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), white blood cell (WBC) count BALF. Furthermore, consistent with vivo assay, inhibited inflammatory cytokines release pro-inflammatory polarization cells. Mechanistically, increased mitochondrial fusion upregulating Mfn1 attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation repressing Casp11, respectively, inhibit NF-κB MAPK pathways, thus macrophage polarization. this study, we demonstrate exerts anti-ALI -inflammatory recovering dynamics activation, providing a biological illustration efficacy

Language: Английский

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Bioactive natural products in COVID-19 therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

The devastating COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than six million deaths worldwide during the last 2 years. Effective therapeutic agents are greatly needed, yet promising magic bullets still do not exist. Numerous natural products (cordycepin, gallinamide A, plitidepsin, telocinobufagin, and tylophorine) have been widely studied play a potential function in treating COVID-19. In this paper, we reviewed published studies (from May 2021 to April 2022) relating closely bioactive (isolated from medicinal plants, animals products, marine organisms) therapy

Language: Английский

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The potential role of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 479(16), P. 1653 - 1708

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements pathology chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be fibrin amyloid microclot blockage capillaries, for instance as exercise started; reperfusion necessary corollary when it finishes. rehearse mechanistic evidence these occurrences here, terms their manifestation oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, production marker metabolites related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both breathlessness/fatigue post-exertional malaise observed conditions, many other observables. The recognition processes implies, mechanistically, therapeutic benefit potentially to had from antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, iron chelators, suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. review considerable existing consistent with this, biochemical mechanisms involved.

Language: Английский

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The pathological mechanism of the COVID-19 convalescence and its treatment with traditional Chinese medicine

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS CoV 2) was reported to cause the Wuhan outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). To date, COVID-19 has infected more than 600 million people gloabally. As a growing number patients recover from infections and are discharged hospitals, proportion in recovery period is gradually increasing. Many these individuals have been experience multiple symptoms during convalescence, such as fatigue, dyspnea pain which designated "long-COVID", "post-COVID syndrome" or "recovery sequelae. We searched for recent articles published PubMed on convalescence found that pathogenesis not yet well recognized. It may be associated with incomplete immune system, parenchymal organ damage (liver lung), coagulation abnormalities, "second hit" caused by viral infection, Phenomenon Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Some drugs psychological factors also play non-negligible role it. effect traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) effective treatment phase, can only relieve corresponding symptoms, but improve indicators pulmonary fibrosis. Bufei Huoxue Capsule, drug explicitly mentioned period, exert strong rehabilitative effects physiological activity recovering COVID-19. In addition, previous studies, confirmed ability resist cytokine storms, myocardial damage, makes it potential therapeutic advantages targeting hyperimmune response, abnormalities existing period. conclusion, clinical convalescing complex, its elucidated. medicine, treatment, specific action mechanism need so better role.

Language: Английский

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Paving new roads toward the advancement of broad‐spectrum antiviral agents

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Broad‐spectrum antivirals (BSAs) have the advantageous property of being effective against a wide range viruses with single drug, offering promising therapeutic solution for largely unmet need in treating both existing and emerging viral infections. In this review, we summarize current strategies development novel BSAs, focusing on either targeting commonalities during replication multiple or systemic immunity humans. comparison to BSAs that target replication, these immuno‐modulatory agents possess an expanded spectrum antiviral activity. However, is double‐edged sword, maintaining immune homeostasis ultimately dictates health status hosts Therefore, establishing ideal goal immuno‐modulation interventions crucial. Herein propose bionic approach inspired by mimicking bats, which more robust system combating invasions, compared addition, discuss empirical treat diverse infections using traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), mainly through bidirectional restore disrupted homeostasis. Advancing our understanding bats mechanisms underlying TCMs will significantly contribute future BSAs.

Language: Английский

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Glycyrrhetinic acid: A potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 154153 - 154153

Published: May 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advances in Pathogenesis, Progression, Potential Targets and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 5, 2022

As the new year of 2020 approaches, an acute respiratory disease quietly caused by severe syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, COVID-19 broke out on a global scale and formed public health emergency. To date, destruction that has lasted for more than two years not stopped virus to continuously evolve mutant strains. SARS-CoV-2 infection been shown cause multiple complications lead disability death, which dealt heavy blow development, only medical field but social security, economic cooperation communication. studies epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism pathological characteristics SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19, well target confirmation, drug screening, clinical intervention have achieved remarkable effects. With continuous efforts WHO, governments various countries, scientific research personnel, public's awareness is gradually deepening, variety prevention methods detection implemented, vaccines drugs developed urgently marketed. However, these do appear completely pandemic ravages this virus. Meanwhile, seen some twists controversies, such potential role vaccines. In view fact extensive depth, review will systematically update current understanding transmission mechanism, features, targets, promising ongoing trials, provide important references directions research.

Language: Английский

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Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Insight into Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Benefits of Chinese Herbal Medicines

Medicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 14 - 14

Published: July 18, 2024

Cytokine storm (CS) is the main driver of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The pathological mechanisms CS are quite complex and involve multiple critical molecular targets that turn self-limited mild COVID-19 into a life-threatening concern. At present, vaccines strongly recommended as safe effective treatments for preventing serious illness or death from COVID-19. However, treatment options still lacking people who at most risk hospitalized with disease. Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to improve clinical outcomes an adjunct therapy, particular development ARDS. This review illustrates detail pathogenesis CS-involved ARDS its associated key targets, cytokines signalling pathways. therapeutic were identified particularly relation turning points COVID-19, symptoms Preclinical studies reviewed effects together conventional therapies reducing addressing CS. Multiple formulations, extracts single bioactive phytochemicals without demonstrated strong anti-CS through mechanisms. evidence larger, well-designed trials their detailed action yet be well elucidated. More research warranted further evaluate value medicine COVID-19-induced

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic effects of herbal-medicine combined therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Background/Aim: Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a devastating disease affecting global health to great extent. Some countries have added on herbal medicines as complementary treatment for combating due urgency of stopping spread this viral disease. However, whether these are effective is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed evaluate effects medicine combined therapy in COVID-19. Methods: A literature search was performed following PRISMA Statement without language restrictions. Seven databases were searched from inception through December 2021. All selected studies randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Comparing with conventional western medicine, including improvement symptoms, chest CT images, conversion rate, C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin 6. Cochrane criteria applied examine methodological quality enrolled trials; software (RevMan 5.4.1) used data analysis. Results: In total, 5,417 participants 40 included review; 28 qualified meta-analysis. The had medium-to-high based GRADE system. Meta-analysis showed that combining vs 1) coughing (1.43 95% CI:1.21, 1.71, p = 0.0001), 2) fever (1.09 CI:1.00, 1.19, 0.06), 3) fatigue (1.21 CI:1.10, 1.33, 0.0001); 4) images (1.26 CI:1.19, 1.34, P ≤ 0.00001), 5) rates (1.22 CI:1.06, 1.40, 0.005) 6) times (−3.72 CI: −6.05, −1.40, 0.002), 7) IL6 change (1.97 −0.72, 4.66, 0.15) 8) CRP (−7.92 −11.30, −4.53, 0.00001). Conclusion: Herbal significantly reduces improving rates. Reported adverse events mild. certain biases studies, need further study components medicine. Further large better design warranted definite more role

Language: Английский

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