NF-κB Pathway and Its Inhibitors: A Promising Frontier in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2587 - 2587

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has emerged as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). involvement NF-κB immune system responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival highlights its significance AD progression. We discuss advantages inhibition, potential to mitigate neuroinflammation, modulate amyloid beta (Aβ) production, promote survival. However, we also acknowledge limitations challenges associated with this approach. Balancing fine line between dampening inflammation preserving physiological responses is critical avoid unintended consequences. This review combines current knowledge on pathway’s intricate pathogenesis, emphasizing therapeutic target. By evaluating both limitations, provide holistic view feasibility modulation treatment. As quest for effective therapies continues, an in-depth understanding multifaceted roles will guide development targeted interventions improve management.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of curcumin in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting neuroinflammation strategies

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 3169 - 3189

Published: April 14, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid‐beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neuronal loss. Curcumin, polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa , has shown potential neuroprotective effects due its anti‐inflammatory antioxidant properties. This review aims synthesize current preclinical data on anti‐neuroinflammatory mechanisms curcumin in context AD, addressing pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, as therapeutic adjunct. An exhaustive literature search was conducted, focusing recent studies within last 10 years related curcumin's impact neuroinflammation role AD. The methodology included sourcing articles specialized databases using specific medical subject headings terms ensure precision relevance. Curcumin demonstrates significant properties modulating neuroinflammatory pathways, scavenging reactive oxygen species, inhibiting production pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Despite potential, challenges remain regarding limited bioavailability scarcity comprehensive human clinical trials. emerges promising adjunct AD multimodal benefits. However, further research required overcome establish effective dosing regimens subjects. Developing novel delivery systems formulations may enhance treatment.

Language: Английский

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Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1515 - 1515

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative characterized by tangle-shaped accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide fragments and Tau protein in brain neurons. The pathophysiological mechanism involves the presence Aβ-amyloid peptide, protein, oxidative stress, an exacerbated neuro-inflammatory response. This review aims to offer updated compendium most recent promising advances AD treatment through administration phytochemicals. literature survey was carried out electronic search following specialized databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, TRIP database, Google Scholar, Wiley, Web Science regarding published works that included molecular mechanisms signaling pathways targeted phytochemicals various experimental models vitro vivo. results studies showed use against has gained relevance due their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-amyloid, anti-hyperphosphorylation properties protein. Some bioactive compounds from plants have been shown ability prevent stop progression Alzheimer's.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Cholinesterase and Anti-α-Amylase Activities and Neuroprotective Effects of Carvacrol and p-Cymene and Their Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6073 - 6073

Published: March 23, 2023

Several researchers have demonstrated the health and pharmacological properties of carvacrol p-cymene, monoterpenes aromatic plants. This study investigated these compounds' possible anti-cholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, neuroprotective effects. We evaluated anti-acetylcholinesterase anti-α-amylase activities at different concentrations compounds. The maximum non-toxic dose p-cymene against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was determined using an MTT assay. effects compounds were on H2O2-induced stress in cells, studying expression caspase-3 Western blotting assays. Carvacrol showed inhibitory acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 3.8 µg/mL) butyrylcholinesterase 32.7 µg/mL). Instead, activity resulted IC50 value 171.2 μg/mL After a pre-treatment with reduced compared to treated H2O2 alone. vitro anti-enzymatic properties, may act as agents oxidative stress. Further studies are necessary elucidate their use coadjutants preventing treating AD diabetic patients.

Language: Английский

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Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut−brain axis

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 117277 - 117277

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multi-therapeutic potential of flavonoids as an essential component in nutraceuticals for the treatment and management of human diseases

Phytomedicine Plus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 100558 - 100558

Published: March 29, 2024

Diseases are one of the factors affecting human and national development in all its ramifications. Some diseases that affect humans usually difficult to manage or treat using conventional medications. Fortunately, nature provides man with many plants endowed medicinal properties. The properties due presence active metabolites, including flavonoids, have been shown multi-therapeutic Therefore, purpose this study was provide information on potencies flavonoids against diseases. Information within scope sourced from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, well non-indexed literature. biological function 27 distinct medical conditions—both communicable non-communicable—was documented. way work 10 different cancer types, 4 neglected tropical 14 health conditions clarified. Flavonoids were also hepatoprotective antioxidant Based findings, therapeutic use treatment and/or management a wide range illnesses, asthma, cancer, dementia, diabetes, glaucoma, hepatitis, malaria, several other conditions. provided paper could help direct future research two more an individual.

Language: Английский

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High-Altitude Medicinal Plants as Promising Source of Phytochemical Antioxidants to Combat Lifestyle-Associated Oxidative Stress-Induced Disorders

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 975 - 975

Published: July 23, 2024

Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur species (ROS, RNS, RSS), poses a significant threat to cellular integrity human health. Generated during mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, UV exposure pollution, these damage cells contribute pathologies like cardiovascular issues, neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic syndromes. Lifestyle factors exert substantial influence on oxidative stress levels, with mitochondria emerging as pivotal players in ROS generation equilibrium. Phytochemicals, abundant plants, such carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols polyphenols, offer diverse antioxidant mechanisms. They scavenge free radicals, chelate metal ions, modulate signalling pathways mitigate damage. Furthermore, plants thriving high-altitude regions are adapted extreme conditions, synthesize secondary metabolites, flavonoids phenolic compounds bulk quantities, which act form robust defence against including radiation temperature fluctuations. These promising sources for drug development, offering innovative strategies manage stress-related ailments enhance Understanding harnessing the potential of phytochemicals from represent crucial steps combating stress-induced disorders promoting overall wellbeing. This study offers comprehensive summary production physio-pathological aspects lifestyle-induced explores antioxidants. Additionally, it presents an appraisal medicinal antioxidants, highlighting their development creation therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Multi‐Targeting Phytochemicals for Alzheimer's Disease

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative illness in which β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein accumulate neurons the form tangles. The pathophysiological pathway AD consists Aβ-amyloid peptides, proteins, oxidative stress increased neuro-inflammatory response. Food Drug Administration United States has authorized various drugs for effective treatment AD, include galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil, memantine, sodium oligomannate, lecanemab, aducanumab. major disadvantage these that they only provide "symptomatic" relief. They are most early stages or mild to moderate cases disease, but not suitable long-term use. Besides conventional therapies, phytochemicals have potential stop progression AD. According research, use against gained attention due their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hyperphosphorylation protein, metal chelation, anti-amyloid properties. This study seeks an up-to-date compilation current promising breakthroughs therapy using phytochemicals. It could be concluded light serve as However, more mechanistic investigations needed determine clinical implications treatment.

Language: Английский

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An update on the emerging neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera and its prospects in complimentary neurotherapy

Phytomedicine Plus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 100532 - 100532

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

In recent years, Moringa oleifera commonly known as a drumstick has emerged powerful neuroprotectant plant. This trend opened new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments. traditional medicines, it is used to treat many neurological disorders highly effective in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, diseases, epilepsy, neurotoxicity. addition, plant possesses significant antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, which further enhance its neuroprotective potential. review aims highlight increasing potential controlling management problems. A comprehensive analysis was done on all relevant reports extract information specifically related To collect reports, we conducted search using various keywords such oleifera, phytochemical composition, role oxidative stress, antioxidants disorders. articles, research papers, communications, reviews explored web sources mainly public databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web Science. An 120 revealed that properties may be useful central nervous system dysfunctions. Additionally, these show presence alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, coumarins different parts These phytoconstituents are strongly correlated with effects. phytochemicals offer promises development complementary or alternative neurotherapy

Language: Английский

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Protective Effect of Ferulic Acid on Acetylcholinesterase and Amyloid Beta Peptide Plaque Formation in Alzheimer’s Disease: An In Vitro Study

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Aim This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide plaque formation in an vitro model Alzheimer's disease (AD). Background AD is a progressive neurological condition marked by disrupted cholinergic signaling, accumulation Aβ peptide, tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Currently, no direct anti-Alzheimer drug that effectively prevents cognitive decline from has been reported. To combat this, multi-target addressing several molecular aspects would be ideal for AD. Natural compounds are preferred over synthetic drugs due their accessibility, cost-efficiency, lower toxicity The proven association between polyphenol consumption prevention led investigation effect FA, polyphenolic compound, formation, key targets Materials method free radical scavenging ability FA was assessed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, also evaluated its against AChE neuroprotective potential FA. Results results showed inhibitor, thus helping blocking reducing incidence formation. compound exhibited significant antioxidant property which demonstrated effect. Conclusion From observed results, compared with those respective standards. More research required determine efficacy safety this as treatment neurodegenerative diseases like because precise mechanism degree brain still elusive. A potent, selective, effective desperately needed treat patients at risk developing disease.

Language: Английский

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