Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 795 - 795

Published: July 30, 2019

Mitochondrial uncoupling can be defined as a dissociation between mitochondrial membrane potential generation and its use for mitochondria-dependent ATP synthesis. Although this process was originally considered dysfunction, the identification of UCP-1 an endogenous physiological protein suggests that could involved in many other biological processes. In review, we first compare agents available term mechanistic non-specific effects. Proteins regulating uncoupling, well chemical compounds with properties are discussed. Second, summarize most recent findings linking cellular or processes, such bulk specific autophagy, reactive oxygen species production, secretion, cell death, physical exercise, metabolic adaptations adipose tissue, signaling. Finally, show how used to treat several human diseases, obesity, cardiovascular neurological disorders.

Language: Английский

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Muscle, Bone, and Fat Crosstalk: the Biological Role of Myokines, Osteokines, and Adipokines

Current Osteoporosis Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 388 - 400

Published: June 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Lifestyle factors and high-risk atherosclerosis: Pathways and mechanisms beyond traditional risk factors

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 394 - 406

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

Despite major efforts to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden with conventional risk factor control, significant residual remains. Recent evidence on non-traditional determinants of cardiometabolic health has advanced our understanding lifestyle–disease interactions. Chronic exposure environmental stressors like poor diet quality, sedentarism, ambient air pollution and noise, sleep deprivation psychosocial stress affect numerous traditional intermediary pathways related ASCVD. These include body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength functionality the intestinal microbiome, which are increasingly recognized as health. Evidence points partially overlapping mechanisms, including effects inflammatory nutrient sensing pathways, endocrine signalling, autonomic function autophagy. Of particular relevance is potential low-risk lifestyle factors impact plaque vulnerability through altered adipose tissue skeletal phenotype secretome. Collectively, cause a set phenotypic adaptations shifting cross-talk from proinflammatory milieu conducive for high-risk atherosclerosis an anti-atherogenic milieu. The ketone ß-hydroxybutyrate, inhibition NLRP-3 inflammasome, likely be many these observed benefits. Adhering adds prognostic value optimal management, benefit occurs even when markers discouragingly minimal or not present. aims this review (a) discuss novel their underlying biochemical principles (b) provide new perspectives potentially more feasible recommendations improve long-term adherence factors.

Language: Английский

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Microglia, Lifestyle Stress, and Neurodegeneration

Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 222 - 240

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Myokines: The endocrine coupling of skeletal muscle and bone

Advances in clinical chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 155 - 218

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1899 - 1899

Published: June 26, 2020

Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution energy substrates, optimization global expenditure, enhancement hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety decreased systemic inflammation insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, osteokines, immune cytokines adipokines are hypothesized to play important role the body’s response exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview these novel molecular players mechanisms involved metabolic fuel during after exercise, weight reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain potential namely such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, myostatin, particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, follistatin. We also describe function specifically osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin. emphasize pleiotropic mechanisms, pathways, inter-organ crosstalk mass loss, inflammation, healthy induced by

Language: Английский

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Platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes contribute to the exercise‐triggered release of extracellular vesicles into the circulation

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 28, 2019

Physical activity initiates a wide range of multi-systemic adaptations that promote mental and physical health. Recent work demonstrated exercise triggers the release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into circulation, possibly contributing to exercise-associated adaptive systemic signalling. Circulating EVs comprise heterogeneous collection different EV-subclasses released from various cell types. So far, comprehensive picture parental target types, EV-subpopulation diversity functional properties during (ExerVs) is lacking. Here, we performed detailed EV-phenotyping analysis explore cellular origin potential subtypes ExerVs. Healthy male athletes were subjected an incremental cycling test until exhaustion blood was drawn before, during, immediately after test. Analysis total plasma by EV Array suggested endothelial leukocyte characteristics We further purified ExerVs size exclusion chromatography as well CD9-, CD63- or CD81-immunobead isolation examine ExerV-subclass dynamics. EV-marker increasing EV-levels exercise, with highest levels at peak in all analysed. Phenotyping using multiplexed flow-cytometry platform revealed pattern surface markers associated identified lymphocytes (CD4, CD8), monocytes (CD14), platelets (CD41, CD42, CD62P), cells (CD105, CD146) antigen presenting (MHC-II) ExerV-parental cells. conclude multiple types circulatory system contribute pool ExerVs, which may be involved exercise-related signalling mechanisms tissue crosstalk.

Language: Английский

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Exercise and dietary intervention ameliorate high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and liver aging by inducing lipophagy

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 101635 - 101635

Published: July 8, 2020

Exercise and dietary intervention are currently available strategies to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the underlying mechanism remains controversial. Emerging evidence shows that lipophagy is involved in inhibition of lipid droplets accumulation. However, it still unclear if exercise improve NAFLD through regulating lipophagy, how skeletal muscle can modulate metabolism liver. Moreover, associated with aging, little known about effect accumulation on aging process. Here vivo vitro models, we found reduced formation, decreased hepatic triglyceride induced by high-fat diet. enhanced activating AMPK/ULK1 inhibiting Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathways respectively. Furthermore, stimulated FGF21 production muscle, followed secretion circulation promote via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Importantly, for first time, demonstrated exacerbated which was ameliorated inducing lipophagy. Our findings suggested a new promoting The study also provided support beneficial other metabolic organs such as FGF21-mediated AMPK dependent might be potential drug target caused dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2639 - 2639

Published: March 5, 2021

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism still perform crosstalk, acting through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine pathways. This study aims review crosstalk between Far beyond understanding actions of each biomarker alone, it is important underline these cytokines act together in body, resulting a complex network different tissues, which may have non-beneficial effects on genesis various physiological disorders their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those healthy weight, leading impaired immune response greater susceptibility inflammatory infectious diseases. Myostatin elevated environments, sharing space with organokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts beta-oxidation regulator decreases lipogenesis liver. The mentioned above interfere homeostatic play role potential therapeutic target assist methods diagnosing syndrome CVD.

Language: Английский

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Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 160 - 160

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, muscle quantity, quality, functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) condition that combines has substantial influence older adults’ health. Because of complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements challenges in identifying diagnosing SO. Recently, it become clear dysbiosis may play role onset progression Skeletal secretes myokines during contraction, which an important controlling growth, function, metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, The only ways to prevent slow particularly sarcopenic physical activity correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely age-related loss certainly delay development down rate sarcopenia. purpose this review was discuss potential pathways deterioration obese individuals. We also want present current understanding various factors, including microbiota myokines, process

Language: Английский

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