Prognostic relevance of temporal muscle thickness as a marker of sarcopenia in patients with glioblastoma at diagnosis

European Radiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 4079 - 4086

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Current Knowledge and Insights From Other Cancers

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Breast cancer represents the most commonly diagnosed while neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are extensively used in order to reduce tumor development improve disease-free survival. However, chemotherapy also leads severe off-target side-effects resulting, together with itself, major skeletal muscle deconditioning. This review first focuses on recent advances both macroscopic changes cellular mechanisms implicated deconditioning of breast patients, particularly as a consequence treatment. To date, only six clinical studies biopsies patients highlighted several important aspects such decrease fibers cross-sectional area, dysregulation protein turnover balance mitochondrial alterations. comparison knowledge accumulated through decades intensive research many different animal human models atrophy, more necessary obtain comprehensive understanding processes cancer-mediated is indeed essential ultimately lead implementation efficient preventive strategies exercise, nutrition or pharmacological treatments. We therefore discuss potential by drawing parallel other cachexia wasting, at pre-clinical levels.

Language: Английский

---

Amino Acids in Cancer and Cachexia: An Integrated View

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(22), P. 5691 - 5691

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Rapid tumor growth requires elevated biosynthetic activity, supported by metabolic rewiring occurring both intrinsically in cancer cells and extrinsically the host. The Warburg effect is one such example, burning glucose to produce a continuous flux of biomass substrates at cost energy wasting cycles host maintain stable glycemia. Amino acid (AA) metabolism profoundly altered cells, which use AAs for production supporting cell proliferation. peculiarities AA allow identification specific vulnerabilities as targets anti-cancer treatments. In current review, approaches targeting terms either deprivation or supplementation are discussed. Although based on opposed strategies, show, vitro vivo, positive effects. Any AA-targeted intervention will inevitably impact host, who frequently already has cachexia. Cancer cachexia syndrome, also due malnutrition, that compromises effectiveness drugs eventually causes patient’s death. may exacerbate malnutrition cachexia, while improve nutritional status, counteract predispose patient more effective treatment. Here provided an attempt describe AA-based therapeutic integrate currently distant points view cancer-centered host-centered research, providing glimpse several potential investigations approach unique disease.

Language: Английский

---

Influence of Amino Acids and Exercise on Muscle Protein Turnover, Particularly in Cancer Cachexia

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1921 - 1921

Published: May 18, 2024

Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted syndrome that impacts individuals with advanced cancer. It causes numerous pathological changes in cancer patients, such as inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, which further diminish their quality of life. Unfortunately, also increases the risk mortality affected individuals, making it an important area focus for research treatment. Several potential nutritional therapies are being tested preclinical clinical models efficacy improving muscle metabolism patients. Despite promising results, no special have yet been validated practice. Multiple studies provide evidence benefits increasing protein synthesis through increased intake amino acids or protein. There exercise can reduce atrophy by modulating synthesis. Therefore, combination may be more effective cachexia. This review provides overview approaches use without therapy to improve

Language: Английский

---

MEF2c-Dependent Downregulation of Myocilin Mediates Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting and Associates with Cachexia in Patients with Cancer

Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 80(9), P. 1861 - 1874

Published: March 4, 2020

Skeletal muscle wasting is a devastating consequence of cancer that contributes to increased complications and poor survival, but not well understood at the molecular level. Herein, we investigated role Myocilin (Myoc), skeletal hypertrophy-promoting protein showed downregulated in multiple mouse models cachexia. Loss Myoc alone was sufficient induce phenotypes identified cachexia, including fiber atrophy, sarcolemmal fragility, impaired regeneration. By 18 months age, mice deficient significant remodeling, characterized by fat collagen deposition compared with wild-type mice, thus also supporting as regulator quality. In cachexia models, maintaining expression significantly attenuated loss, while lacking enhanced wasting. Furthermore, myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) transcription key upstream activator whose gain function deterred cancer-induced dysfunction preclinical model pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Finally, noncancer control patients, MYOC reduced patients PDAC defined cachectic correlated MEF2c. These data therefore identify disruptions MEF2c-dependent novel mechanism cancer-associated similarly disrupted cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This work identifies transcriptional mediates murine exhibiting

Language: Английский

---

Role of myokines and osteokines in cancer cachexia

Experimental Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 246(19), P. 2118 - 2127

Published: April 25, 2021

Cancer-induced muscle wasting, i.e. cachexia, is associated with different types of cancer such as pancreatic, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric and esophageal. Cachexia affects prognosis survival in cancer, it estimated that will be the ultimate cause death for up to 30% patients. Musculoskeletal alterations are known hallmarks skeletal atrophy weakness most studied. Recent evidence has shed light on presence bone loss cachectic patients, even absence bone-metastatic disease. In particular, we others have shown communicate by exchanging paracrine endocrine factors, myokines osteokines. This review focus describing role studied myokines, myostatin, irisin, metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA, IL-6, osteokines, including TGF-β, osteocalcin, sclerostin, RANKL, PTHrP, FGF23, lipid mediator, PGE2 during cancer-induced cachexia. The interplay together tumor-derived soluble characterizes a complex clinical scenario which musculoskeletal amongst debilitating features. Understanding targeting "secretome" patients likely represent promising strategy preserve cachexia thereby enhancing recovery.

Language: Английский

---

Exosomal Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Induces Ionizing Radiation-Adaptive Glioblastoma Cachexia

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(19), P. 3102 - 3102

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Cancer cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that leads to severely compromised quality of life and increased mortality. A strong association between poor prognosis has been demonstrated in intractable cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, it was ionizing radiation (IR), first-line treatment for GBM, causes cancer by increasing exosomal release plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) from cells. Exosomal PAI-1 delivered skeletal muscle directly penetrated muscles phosphorylates STAT3 intensify atrophy activating RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) F-box (Atrogin1); furthermore, hampers protein synthesis inhibiting mTOR signaling. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition TM5441 inhibited rescued synthesis, thereby providing survival benefits GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. summary, our data delineated role induction associated with radiotherapy-treated GBM. Our also indicated targeting could serve as an attractive strategy management following radiotherapy, which would lead considerable improvement patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Language: Английский

---

Standardized Curcuma xanthorrhiza Extract and Its Major Compound, Xanthorrhizol, Mitigate Cancer-Associated Muscle Atrophy in CT26-Bearing Mice by Inhibiting Catabolic Signaling Pathways

Journal of Medicinal Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Cancer cachexia, defined by the gradual depletion of muscle and fat mass, is a complex multifactorial syndrome affecting up to 80% cancer patients. This study investigated effects Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) xanthorrhizol (XAN) in ameliorating cancer-induced atrophy BALB/c mice. Treatment with CXE XAN reversed mass loss, grip strength decline, decrease myofiber size induced cancer. In gastrocnemius tissue, downregulated expression nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB), reducing levels proinflammatory cytokines. They also suppressed catabolic factors, including myostatin ubiquitin-proteasome E3 ligases, translocation forkhead box O3a. Furthermore, promoted skeletal anabolism stimulating myogenesis activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. activation subsequently upregulated mammalian target rapamycin its downstream molecules. Overall, effectively mitigated catabolism cachexia may serve as an intervention for inhibiting affected patients if efficacy can be confirmed human trials.

Language: Английский

---

Cancer Cachexia: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 1 - 10

Published: April 3, 2025

Cancer cachexia affects approximately 80% of cancer patients and is characterized by skeletal muscle wasting reduced fat mass, resulting in weight loss short survival time. An in-depth understanding the mechanisms can provide platforms for drug non-pharmacological management this condition that claims life around 20% patients. Most current work field pre-clinical stages. However, such preliminary knowledge anticipated to help guide design large comprehensive clinical trials establish safety efficacy therapeutic interventions treat cachexia.

Language: Английский

---

Sarcopenia: looking to muscle mass to better manage pancreatic cancer patients

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 279 - 285

Published: July 29, 2019

Overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer is strongly conditioned by tumor biology and the incidence malnutrition metabolic disorders. In this landscape, assessment body composition crucial to properly manage clinical implications muscle wasting. The pathogenesis condition result a complex interplay between host. particular, sarcopenia induced an inadequate nutritional intake, hormonal abnormalities, inflammation imbalance anabolic catabolic pathways.Recent evidences have highlighted role in patients, revealing prognostic impact on morbidity, mortality survival.The occurrence could amplify chemotherapy-induced toxicities, prolong hospitalizations reduce adherence anticancer treatment, worsening quality life survival. Although considerable efforts been made develop treatment strategies, no effective interventions identified so far. Nevertheless, if promptly adequately supported, might benefit from adopted dietary intervention avoid further loss lean mass.

Language: Английский

---