Insights into Pathogenesis, Nutritional and Drug Approach in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 136 - 136

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition related to the loss of muscle mass and strength due aging, eating habits, physical inactivity, or even caused by another disease. Affected individuals have higher risk falls may be associated with heart disease, respiratory diseases, cognitive impairment, consequently an increased hospitalization, in addition causing economic impact high cost care during stay hospitals. The standardization appropriate treatment for patients sarcopenia that could help reduce pathology-related morbidity necessary. For these reasons, this study aimed perform systematic review role nutrition drugs ameliorate health quality life sarcopenic PRISMA guidelines were followed. Lifestyle interventions shown profound on but using supplements different can also skeletal maintenance. Creatine, leucine, branched-chain amino acids, omega 3, vitamin D show benefits. Although controversial results, medications such as Metformin, GLP-1, losartan, statin, growth hormone, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors been considered alter sarcopenic's metabolic parameters, protect against cardiovascular diseases outcomes, while protecting muscles.

Language: Английский

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Exercise therapy to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative in the elderly with dementia, memory loss, and severe cognitive impairment that imposes high medical costs on individuals. The causes of AD include increased deposition amyloid beta (Aβ) phosphorylated tau, age, mitochondrial defects, neuroinflammation, decreased synaptic connections, nerve growth factors (NGF). While animals moderate-intensity exercise restores hippocampal amygdala through levels p-AKT, p-TrkB, p-PKC Aβ, tau phosphorylation, precursor proteins (APP) AD. Aerobic (with an intensity 50–75% VO2 max) prevents volume reduction, spatial learning reduction increasing flexibility. Exercise training induces binding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to TrkB NGF TrkA induce cell survival neuronal plasticity. After aerobic high-intensity interval training, increase VEGF, angiopoietin 1 2, NO, tPA, HCAR1 cerebral vessels blood flow angiogenesis cerebellum, motor cortex, striatum, hippocampus. In hippocampus, decreases fragmentation, DRP1, FIS1, improving OPA1, MFN1, MFN2, morphology. humans, acute as anti-inflammatory condition IL-6 such IL-1RA IL-10. Moderate-intensity also inhibits inflammatory markers IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, sTNFR1, COX-2, NF-κB. significantly increases plasma BDNF, factor, plasticity, activity, memory, exploratory behavior subjects. Irisin myokine released from skeletal muscle during protects hippocampus by suppressing Aβ accumulation promoting proliferation STAT3 signaling. Therefore, combined strength balance coordination social activities seems provide important benefits for people

Language: Английский

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Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 101270 - 101270

Published: April 6, 2024

The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality life but also the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification a comprehensive understanding its mechanistic underpinnings therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors present cohesive overview recent advancements in research diagnosis. We initially delve into contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People (EWGSOP) 2 Asian (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate assessment techniques muscle strength, quantity, physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, short performance battery (SPPB), while discussing their inherent advantages limitations. Such pave way early unequivocal diagnosis sarcopenia. Proceeding further, provide deep-dive sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering thorough examination associated signaling pathways like Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role mediation detailed, underscoring potential target avenues. From perspective, underscores pivotal mitochondrial dysfunction sarcopenia, emphasizing elements oxidative overload, biogenesis, mitophagy, significance. At last, capture strides made treatment, ranging from nutritional exercise interventions pharmacological supplementation strategies. In sum, meticulously synthesizes latest scientific developments aiming enhance precision clinical practice insights refined innovative interventions, ultimately contributing optimized care field.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian aging and potential interventions

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 17, 2024

Mitochondria plays an essential role in regulating cellular metabolic homeostasis, proliferation/differentiation, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated many age-related pathologies. Evidence supports that the of mitochondria decline mitochondrial DNA copy number negatively affect ovarian aging. However, mechanism aging still unclear. Treatment methods, including antioxidant applications, transplantation, emerging biomaterials, advanced technologies, are being used to improve function restore oocyte quality. This article reviews key evidence research updates on damage pathogenesis aging, emphasizing may accelerate lead senescence as well exploring potential methods for using mechanisms slow down

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disease characterized by decline in mass and function. Originally defined as an age‐associated condition, sarcopenia presently also encompasses muscular atrophy due to various pathological factors, such intensive care unit‐acquired weakness, inactivity, malnutrition. The exact pathogenesis of still unknown; herein, we review the roles neuromuscular junction mitochondria this condition. caused complex interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms, including aging, impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, endocrine oxidative stress, inflammation. Among these, instability dysfunction are particularly significant. Dysfunction can lead weakness or paralysis. Mitochondria, which plentiful neurons fibers, play important role transmission. Therefore, impairments both may be one key mechanisms leading sarcopenia. Moreover, article explores structural functional alterations sarcopenia, suggesting that deeper understanding these changes could provide valuable insights for prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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The impact of different exercise modalities on chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Exercise is widely recognized for its benefits to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the specific impact of different exercise modalities on CKD-related outcomes remains unclear. This study sought summarize effects main impacted by CKD. We searched systematic review with meta-analysis in PubMed, Embase, Web Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. evaluated methodological quality included studies AMSTAR2 tool individually evaluating heterogeneity, sample power, statistical significances from meta-analyses. 44 meta-analyses, encompassing 35,432 CKD patients pre-dialysis dialysis stages (peritoneal hemodialysis). Data meta-analyses highly suggestive or strong evidence grading suggests that aerobic combined training were most effective improving cardiorespiratory fitness (main effect: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-3.4, 3.4; 2.4-4.6, respectively). Combined showed a consistent benefit psychosocial domains -7.3; -9.31 -53). All significantly improve functional performance, except isometric training, which just fistula maturation 0.84; 0.5-1.2). emerges as potential non-pharmacological therapy Tailoring appears be crucial, exhibit varying effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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The role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of sarcopenia: Advances in molecular mechanisms

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 114056 - 114056

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Critical Illness Myopathy: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5516 - 5516

Published: March 14, 2023

Mitochondria are key structures providing most of the energy needed to maintain homeostasis. They main source adenosine triphosphate (ATP), participate in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, store calcium integral components various intracellular signaling cascades. However, due their crucial role cellular integrity, mitochondrial damage dysregulation context critical illness can severely impair organ function, leading energetic crisis failure. Skeletal muscle tissue is rich mitochondria and, therefore, particularly vulnerable dysfunction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) myopathy (CIM) phenomena generalized atrophying skeletal wasting, including preferential myosin breakdown illness, which has also been linked Hence, imbalanced dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, alterations gene expression, disturbed signal transduction as well impaired nutrient utilization have proposed underlying mechanisms. This narrative review aims highlight current known molecular mechanisms immanent dysfunction patients suffering from ICUAW CIM, discuss possible implications for phenotype, function therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Nutrition in the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Patients: From Restoration of Mitochondrial Activity to Improvement of Muscle Performance, a Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3703 - 3703

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength, mass and performance. Malnutrition contributes to sarcopenia pathogenesis. The aim this systematic review analyze existing evidence on the efficacy nutritional supplementation mitochondrial health among sarcopenic or malnourished older adults. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing effect branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), vitamin D and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) mass, strength performance activity redox state in literature search was MEDLINE, Embase Cochrane Central, restricted articles published last 10 years (2012–2022). Twelve RCTs with a total 1337 subjects were included. BCAA significantly ameliorates appendicular (4 RCTs), hand grip gait speed (3 short physical battery RCTs) chair stand test six out nine RCTs. alone (2 PUFA (1 RCT) not effective improving health. Mitochondrial function improved administration association RCT). In conclusion, may be useful treatment boost bioenergetic activity. PROSPERO CRD42022332288.

Language: Английский

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Nanodrug Delivery Systems for Myasthenia Gravis: Advances and Perspectives

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 651 - 651

Published: May 11, 2024

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease caused by the production of autoantibodies against postsynaptic membrane receptors present at neuromuscular junction. This condition characterized fatigue and muscle weakness, including diplopia, ptosis, systemic impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to immune dysregulation, pathogenesis MG may involve mitochondrial damage ferroptosis. Mitochondria are primary site energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due dysfunction can induce Nanomedicines have been extensively employed treat various disorders their modifiability good biocompatibility, but application management has rather limited. Nevertheless, nanodrug delivery systems carry immunomodulatory agents, anti-oxidants, or ferroptosis inhibitors could be effective for treatment MG. Therefore, this review focuses on nanoplatforms aimed attenuating restoring function, inhibiting potentially serve as promising agents targeted therapy.

Language: Английский

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