Multiomic Analysis of Adult Diapause inDrosophila melanogasterIdentifies Hallmarks of Cellular Quiescence DOI Creative Commons
Corinne Hutfilz

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Abstract Age is a fundamental aspect of biology that underlies the efficacy broad range functions. Identifying determinants for how quickly or slowly we age will contribute greatly to our understanding as modifier overall health, particularly advancement therapeutic interventions designed mitigate delay age-associated disorders. While much work has been devoted study genetic pharmacological extend lifespan, this approach does not necessarily recapitulate physiological profile naturally long-lived individuals. Diapause and diapause-like states constitute natural, inducible evolutionarily conserved examples lifespan plasticity are well-suited serve physiologically accurate models longevity. Here, leveraged metabolically critical signaling organ in Drosophila, fat body, examine diapause-associated transcription context chromatin accessibility regulation lifespan. Through combination ATAC-seq RNA-seq, observations suggest globally reorganized diapause may assume poised conformation facilitate rapid pro-development genes upon termination. We found particular significance GAF, NELF, RNA polymerase III context. Congruently, during appears favor many processes supporting maintenance cellular quiescence inhibition differentiation. Our data consistent with model wherein induces was additionally supported through fluorescent microscopy comparison public ChIP-seq developmentally juvenile files. This opens possibility longevity be partially determined lack mitogenic from quiescent niche, concurrent changes hormonal immunological profiles skew metabolism towards tissue maintenance.

Language: Английский

Enhanced silk production and pupal weight in Bombyx mori through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated circadian Clock gene disruption DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Brady, Alessio Saviane, Matteo Battistolli

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0317572 - e0317572

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori , is crucial for global silk production, which a significant economic activity supporting millions of livelihoods worldwide. Beyond traditional the growing demand insect larvae in cosmetics, biomedical products, and animal feed underscores need to enhance B . productivity. This study investigates role circadian clock gene Clock using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis establish Clk Δ29 knock-out mutant strain. Dysregulation was demonstrated by altered temporal transcriptional profiles core genes adult heads disrupted circadian-controlled behaviors, including eclosion egg hatching rhythms under constant darkness. By analysing larval development timing, as well weights late instar larvae, pupae, cocoon components mutants Δ1922 silkworms (carrying an independently generated - null allele), we showed that CLK contributes physiological processes regulating growth. Importantly, reared on standard sericulture diet exhibited increases key traits, with production increasing up 7%, pupal weight 25% compared wild-type controls. highlights potential manipulation significantly sericultural Future research should focus elucidating molecular mechanisms driving these phenotypes determining whether they result from functions or pleiotropic effects These findings provide foundation advancing sustainable developing new commercial applications silkworm-derived products.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disrupts circadian rhythm and photoperiodic diapause induction in the silkworm, Bombyx mori DOI Creative Commons
Hisashi Tobita, Takashi Kiuchi

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 104153 - 104153

Published: July 2, 2024

Most insects enter diapause, a state of physiological dormancy crucial for enduring harsh seasons, with photoperiod serving as the primary cue its induction, ensuring proper seasonal timing process. Although involvement circadian clock in photoperiodic time measurement has been demonstrated through knockdown or knockout genes, gene cryptochrome 1 (cry1), which functions photoreceptor implicated photoentrainment across various insect species, remains unclear. In bivoltine strains silkworm, Bombyx mori, embryonic diapause is maternally controlled and affected by environmental conditions experienced mother moths during larval stages. Previous research highlighted role core including period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk) cycle (cyc), induction B. mori. this study, we focused on cry1 mori photoperiodism. Phylogenetic analysis conserved domain identification confirmed presence both Drosophila-type cry (cry1) mammalian-type (cry2) genes genome, akin to other lepidopterans. Temporal expression revealed higher photophase lower scotophase, knockouts (per, tim, Clk cyc) disrupting temporal pattern. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, established strain p50T, exhibiting clear photoperiodism wild-type displayed rhythm eclosion under continuous darkness, exhibited arrhythmic eclosion, implicating feedback loop governing behavior rhythms. Females failed control stages, mirroring phenotype individuals reared constant indicating that CRY1 contributes photoreceptor. Furthermore, stage was abolished cry1/tim double-knockout strain, suggesting photic information received relayed clock. Overall, study represents first evidence photoperiodism, specifically induction.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
BmSV2A and BmSV2B Are Involved in Regulating GABAergic Neuron-Related Gene Expression in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori DOI Creative Commons
Zhongyi Liu, Nur Fazleen Binti Idris, Lulu Liu

et al.

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 251 - 251

Published: March 1, 2025

In insects, the number of life cycles varies inter- and intra-specifically, it is widely accepted that variation in an adaptive response to diverse environmental conditions. However, molecular mechanism underlies variety plasticity largely unknown. silkworm, Bombyx mori, Voltinism (V) locus has three alleles, V1(univoltine; dominant), V2 (bivoltine; standard), V3 (polyvoltine; recessive), which are known generate a year under natural conditions, with obligatory diapause for V1 allele, facultative V2, non-diapause V3. Here, we further confirm γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuron signal pathway modulates progeny via controlling hormone release. A population genetic analysis (Fst) revealed synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A 2B (BmSV2A BmSV2B) genes, tightly related transport neurotransmitters, located V locus. Importantly, using CRISPR/Cas9 editing technique, have discovered BmSV2A BmSV2B genes increased or modified expression GABAergic respectively. These results demonstrate BmSV2B, positioned within locus, could be involved voltinism control pathway.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Endocrine and enzymatic shifts during insect diapause: a review of regulatory mechanisms DOI Creative Commons

Hamzeh Izadi

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 14, 2025

Insect diapause is a vital survival strategy that enables insects to enter state of suspended development, allowing them withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. During diapause, significantly lower their metabolic rate and build up energy reserves, which they gradually utilize throughout this period. The regulation involves complex interaction hormones enzymes. Juvenile (JHs) affect adults larvae differently; in adults, the absence JH typically triggers while larvae, presence encourages state. Ecdysteroids, regulate molting metamorphosis, are carefully controlled prevent premature development. Reduced signaling insulin-like peptides enhances stress resistance promotes storage. Several enzymes play crucial roles adjustments necessary for diapause. These include degradation JH, ecdysteroidogenic pathway, metabolism fatty acids, glycogen, cryoprotectants, responses. Understanding diapause's molecular biochemical mechanisms essential fundamental entomological research practical applications. Despite recent advances, many aspects regulation, especially interactions among hormonal pathways role enzymes, remain poorly understood. This review analyzes approximately 250 papers consolidate current knowledge on enzymatic It offers comprehensive overview key processes based studies suggests future directions fill gaps our understanding significant biological phenomenon. also lays groundwork enhancing pest control strategies ecological conservation by deepening mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Knockouts of positive and negative elements of the circadian clock disrupt photoperiodic diapause induction in the silkworm, Bombyx mori DOI
Hisashi Tobita, Takashi Kiuchi

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 103842 - 103842

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Mutation of the clock gene timeless disturbs diapause induction and adult emergence rhythm in Helicoverpa armigera DOI
Xiaoming Liu,

Limei Cai,

Lin Zhu

et al.

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(5), P. 1876 - 1884

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Circadian rhythms are physical and behavioral changes that follow the 24-h cycle of Earth's light temperature regulated by clock genes. Timeless (Tim) has been identified as a canonical gene in some insects, however, its functions have little studied lepidopteran pests.To investigate Tim (HaTim) function Helicoverpa armigera, an important pest, we obtained HaTim mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Our results showed transcript levels rhythmically peaked at night heads wild larvae adult, diel expression was sensitive to photoperiod temperature. The other genes, such HaPer, HaCry1, HaCry2 HaCwo, were disturbed larvae, stage is sensitivity period for diapause induction. Fifth-instar wild-type could be induced pupate under short-day low temperature, fifth-instar not same conditions. In addition, emergence adults early night, but rhythm with arrhythmic HaCry1 HaCwo adults.Our suggest involved induction adult H. potential target controlling pest. © 2023 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Significance of the clock gene period in photoperiodism in larval development and production of diapause eggs in the silkworm Bombyx mori DOI
Masaharu Hasebe,

Mizuka Sato,

Shoichiro Ushioda

et al.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104615 - 104615

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Comparative analysis of locomotor behavior and head diurnal transcriptome regulation by PERIOD and CRY2 in the diamondback moth DOI
Wenfeng Chen, Danfeng Wang,

Lingqi Yu

et al.

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Abstract Earth's rotation shapes a 24‐h cycle, governing circadian rhythms in organisms. In mammals, the core clock genes, CLOCK and BMAL1, are regulated by PERIODs (PERs) CRYPTOCHROMEs (CRYs), but their roles remain unclear diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella . To explore this, we studied P. , which possesses simplified system compared to mammals. observed rhythmic expressions of Pxper Pxcry2 genes heads, with differing phases. vitro experiments revealed that PxCRY2 repressed monarch butterfly CLK:BMAL1 transcriptional activation, while PxPER other CRY‐like proteins did not. However, showed an inhibitory effect on PxCLK/PxCYCLE. Using CRISPR/Cas9, individually combination knocked out then conducted gene function studies transcriptome sequencing. Loss either or eliminated activity peak after lights‐off light–dark cycles, loss reduced overall activity. was crucial for maintaining endogenous constant darkness. Under conditions, 1 098 exhibited expression wild‐type 749 relying rhythms. Most lost rhythmicity mutants, sustained expression, albeit amplitude altered phase. Additionally, were linked biological processes like spliceosome Toll signaling pathway, these depending function. summary, our study unveils differences rhythm regulation This provides valuable model understanding nocturnal animals.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Photoperiodism of Diapause Induction in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori DOI Creative Commons

Isamu Shimizu

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(2)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

The silkworm

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Differentially expressed microRNAs in brains of adult females may regulate the maternal block of diapause in Sarcophaga bullata DOI Creative Commons
Julie A. Reynolds,

Emma M Waight

Current Research in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100099 - 100099

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0