Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 67 - 108

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these include the need better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; environmental signals interface endogenous signaling development (e.g. circadian clock flowering time); this integrated controls downstream responses stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently a site key transport events mechanosensing lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation extremes CO2 affects hydraulic architecture transpiration, well root shoot morphology, ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution crop resilience face changing increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration diversity within among species can help us know which represent fundamental limits ones be circumvented bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial resistance different contexts making connections between genes phenotypes, laboratory field observations, are overarching challenges.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9‐based discovery of maize transcription factors regulating male sterility and their functional conservation in plants

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 1769 - 1784

Published: March 27, 2021

Summary Identifying genic male‐sterility (GMS) genes and elucidating their roles are important to unveil plant male reproduction promote application in crop breeding. However, compared with Arabidopsis rice, relatively fewer maize GMS have been discovered little is known about regulatory pathways underlying anther pollen development. Here, by sequencing analysing transcriptomes at 11 developmental stages B73, Zheng58 M6007 inbred lines, 1100 transcription factor (TF) were identified be stably differentially expressed among different stages. Among them, 14 TF (9 types belonging five families) selected performed CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene mutagenesis, then, 12 eight types, including ZmbHLH51 , ZmbHLH122 ZmTGA9‐1/‐2/‐3 ZmTGA10 ZmMYB84 ZmMYB33‐1/‐2 ZmPHD11 ZmLBD10/27 as new using DNA sequencing, phenotypic cytological analyses. Notably, triple‐gene mutants double‐gene displayed complete sterility, but double‐ or single‐gene showed fertility. Similarly, mutant partial sterility 32.18% of aborted grains. In addition, was transcriptionally activated proteins physically interacted. Molecular markers co‐segregating these mutations developed facilitate Finally, all 14‐type here reported previously on functional conservation diversification maize, rice . These findings enrich resources for deeply understanding the network fertility creating lines maize.

Language: Английский

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An Outlook on Global Regulatory Landscape for Genome-Edited Crops

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(21), P. 11753 - 11753

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

The revolutionary technology of CRISPR/Cas systems and their extraordinary potential to address fundamental questions in every field biological sciences has led developers being awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In agriculture, have accelerated development new crop varieties with improved traits—without need transgenes. However, future this depends on a clear truly global regulatory framework developed these crops. Some CRISPR-edited crops are already market, yet countries regions still divided over legal status. CRISPR editing does not require transgenes, making more socially acceptable than genetically modified crops, but there is vigorous debate how regulate what precautionary measures required before they appear market. This article reviews intended outcomes risks arising from site-directed nuclease used improve agricultural plant genomes. It examines various system components, concerns associated CRISPR/Cas, may trigger oversight highlights differences similarities between GMOs discusses social ethical concerns. outlines GMO which many also apply landscape concludes prospects products.

Language: Английский

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Protoplasts: From Isolation to CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Application

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

In the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system, protoplasts are not only useful for rapidly validating mutagenesis efficiency of various RNA-guided endonucleases, promoters, sgRNA designs, or Cas proteins, but can also be a platform DNA-free gene editing. To date, latter approach has been applied to numerous crops, particularly those with complex genomes, long juvenile period, tendency heterosis, and/or self-incompatibility. Protoplast regeneration is thus key step in this report, we review history and some future prospects protoplast technology, including transfection, transformation, fusion, regeneration, current applications CRISPR/Cas-based breeding.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Crop Breeding Through Precision Genome Editing

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 14, 2022

The global climate change and unfavourable abiotic biotic factors are limiting agricultural productivity therefore intensifying the challenges for crop scientists to meet rising demand food supply. introduction of applied genetics agriculture through plant breeding facilitated development hybrid varieties with improved productivity. However, new existing gene pools poses a challenge breeders. Genetic engineering holds potential broaden genetic diversity by genes into crops. But random insertion foreign DNA plant’s nuclear genome often leads transgene silencing. Recent advances in field include technique called editing. Genome editing technologies have emerged as powerful tools precisely modify genomes at specific sites genome, which has been longstanding goal precise modification target absence genome-edited plants, faster cheaper method remarkable features genome-editing technology that resulted its widespread application less than decade. This review focuses on precision includes: an overview different approaches improvement; their mechanism action most widely used technology, CRISPR/Cas9, improvement especially agronomic traits such disease resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide yield quality improvement, reduction anti-nutrients, shelf life; update regulatory approval also throws light high-yielding climate-resilient crops

Language: Английский

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A Review of Erucic Acid Production in Brassicaceae Oilseeds: Progress and Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High and Low-Erucic Acid Rapeseeds (Brassica napus)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 11, 2022

Erucic acid (C22:1, ω-9, EA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty (FA) that an important oleochemical product with wide range of uses in metallurgy, machinery, rubber, the chemical industry, and other fields because its hydrophobicity water resistance. EA not easily digested absorbed human body, high-EA rapeseed (HEAR) oil often contains glucosinolates. Both glucosinolates are detrimental to health can lead disease, which has resulted strict guidelines by regulatory bodies on maximum contents oils. Increasingly, researchers have attempted enhance content Brassicaceae oilseeds serve industrial applications while conversely reducing ensure food safety. For production both LEAR HEAR, biotechnology likely play fundamental role. Elucidating metabolic pathways help inform improvement through transgenic technology. In this paper, we introduce HEAR benefits low-EA (LEAR) first, following review biosynthetic EA, resources from plants, focus research related genetic engineering oilseeds. addition, effects environment addressed, safe cultivation discussed. This paper supports further into improving FAs technologies molecular breeding techniques, thereby advancing commercialization products for better application various fields.

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Literature Review on Text Generation Using Deep Neural Network Models

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 53490 - 53503

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

In recent years, significant progress has been made in text generation. The latest generation models are revolutionizing the domain by generating human-like text. It gained wide popularity recently many domains like news, social networks, movie script writing, poetry composition, to name a few. application of various fields resulted lot interest from scientific community this area. To best our knowledge, there is lack extensive review and up-to-date body knowledge deep learning models. Therefore, paper aims bring together all relevant work systematic mapping study highlighting key contributions researchers over focusing on past, present, future trends. work, we have identified 90 primary studies 2015 2021 employing PRISMA framework. We also research gaps that further needed be explored community. end, provide some directions for guidelines practitioners based findings review.

Language: Английский

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Current insights and advances into plant male sterility: new precision breeding technology based on genome editing applications

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 13, 2023

Plant male sterility (MS) represents the inability of plant to generate functional anthers, pollen, or gametes. Developing MS lines one most important challenges in breeding programs, since establishment is a major goal F1 hybrid production. For these reasons, have been developed several species economic interest, particularly horticultural crops and ornamental plants. Over years, has accomplished through many different techniques ranging from approaches based on cross-mediated conventional methods, advanced devices knowledge genetics genomics molecular technologies genome editing (GE). GE particular gene knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas-related tools, resulted flexible successful strategic ideas used alter function key genes, regulating numerous biological processes including MS. These precision are less time-consuming can accelerate creation new genetic variability with accumulation favorable alleles, able dramatically change process resulting potential efficiency cultivar development bypassing sexual crosses. The main this manuscript provide general overview insights advances into sterility, focusing attention recent GE-based applications capable inducing targeting specific nuclear genic loci. A summary mechanisms underlying CRISPR technology relative success described for crop species. future CRISPR/Cas systems mutant production other opportunities will be discussed, as generating CRISPR-edited DNA-free transient transformation system transgenerational introducing desirable alleles strategies.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals – current status, improvements, and perspectives

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 108248 - 108248

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop were developed mainly optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given developing new stress-tolerant cultivars. It is necessary enhance accuracy methods time required generate cultivars desired features adapt change keep up world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system been powerful versatile genome editing tool achieve desirable traits, such high-yielding, stress-tolerant, disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, application faces several challenges, amount develop lines, laboriousness, limited number genotypes may used transformation vitro regeneration. Additionally, through restricted many countries, especially Europe New Zealand, due lack flexibility GMO regulations. This review provides comprehensive update researchers interested improving using gene-editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9. We will some critical studies on improvements their contributing factors superior technologies.

Language: Английский

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Progress in gene editing tools, implications and success in plants: a review

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Genetic modifications are made through diverse mutagenesis techniques for crop improvement programs. Among these tools, the traditional methods involve chemical and radiation-induced mutagenesis, resulting in off-target unintended mutations genome. However, recent advances have introduced site-directed nucleases (SDNs) gene editing, significantly reducing changes genome compared to induced naturally occurring breeding populations. SDNs revolutionized genetic engineering, enabling precise editing decades. One widely used method, homology-directed repair (HDR), has been effective accurate base substitution alterations some plant species. its application limited due inefficiency of HDR cells prevalence error-prone pathway known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The discovery CRISPR-Cas a game-changer this field. This system induces by creating double-strand breaks (DSBs) repairing them associated pathways like NHEJ. As result, extensively transform plants function analysis enhance desirable traits. Researchers significant progress engineering years, particularly understanding mechanism. led various variants, including CRISPR-Cas13, CRISPR interference, activation, editors, primes CRASPASE, new that cleaves proteins. Moreover, technologies prime editor approaches offer excellent opportunities engineering. These cutting-edge tools opened up avenues rapidly manipulating genomes. review article provides comprehensive overview current state focusing on recently developed alteration their potential applications research.

Language: Английский

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