Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7031 - 7031

Published: June 24, 2022

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, cuticle layers, whereas secondary metabolites (SMs) volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of stimuli, (orally secreted by insects herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes initiation signal transduction, activation hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic ethylene), release VOCs SMs. This review recent studies plant-herbivore-infection focuses on early late plant responses, including barriers, SM production as well epigenetic regulation, phytohormone responses.

Language: Английский

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The push–pull intercrop Desmodium does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 13, 2024

Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push–pull reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests maize through a combination of repellent intercrop (push), commonly Desmodium spp., and attractive, border crop (pull). Key the system is intercrop’s constitutive release volatile terpenoids repel herbivores. However, earlier described were not detectable headspace , only minimally upon herbivory. This independent soil type, microbiome composition, whether collections made laboratory or field. Furthermore, oviposition choice tests wind tunnel, without odor background equally attractive invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda . In search alternative mechanism, we found neonate larvae strongly preferred over maize. their development stagnated no larva survived. addition, older frequently seen impaled immobilized by dense network silica-fortified, non-glandular trichomes. Thus, our data suggest may act intercepting decimating dispersing larval offspring rather than adult deterrence. As hallmark sustainable control, –Desmodium has inspired countless efforts to emulate stimulo-deterrent diversion other cropping systems. detailed knowledge actual mechanisms required rationally improve strategy, translate concept

Language: Английский

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Nanoinert diatomaceous and emamectin benzoate: Enhancing wheat protection against fall armyworms for sustainable management

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 413 - 425

Published: May 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Silicon dynamics through the lens of soil-plant-animal interactions: perspectives for agricultural practices

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 467(1-2), P. 1 - 28

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Silicon application enhances wheat defence against Sitobion avenae F. by regulating plant physiological-biochemical responses

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 13 - 23

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Sitobion avenae F. is a highly prevalent and devastating pest in wheat crops, leading to significant yield losses. Silicon (Si) has been widely recognized as an effective inducer of plant resistance against aphids. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms governing physiological biochemical responses plants induced by Si defense S. remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted experiments treating leaves with varying concentrations Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) spray under aphid infestation. We meticulously observed recorded life cycle measured content hormones, secondary metabolites, activity enzymes leaves. Furthermore, utilized structural equation modeling discern causal correlation between performance physiological-biochemical TEOS sprays. Our findings revealed that concentration 3 mmol/L significantly shortened net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate finite increase, mean generation time F., while simultaneously prolonging population doubling time. Additionally, lignin, total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic (SA) exhibited substantial increase. phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase, lipoxygenase was enhanced. results suggest reduced survival growth enhancing response aphids activating PAL PPO wheat, increasing phenolic JA. This work provides valuable insights for development appropriate fertilizers management offers robust theoretical support control through agricultural fertilization strategies.

Language: Английский

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Water availability and plant–herbivore interactions

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(9), P. 2811 - 2828

Published: Dec. 4, 2022

Water is essential to plant growth and drives evolution interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How influences plant-herbivore in the future an important question basic applied ecology. Here we summarize synthesize recent discoveries on impact of antiherbivore defense ecology underlying physiological processes. deficit tends enhance resistance escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects strategies, including indirect tolerance. exceptions sometimes observed specific species pairs. We discuss effect associated plants herbivores from individual community levels how drive evolution. Although stress many abiotic stresses predicted increase intensity frequency due change, identify a significant lack study interactive additional stressors water-plant-herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps informs possible research directions

Language: Английский

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Silicon Induced Defense Mechanisms and Pathways of Host Resistance for Insect Pests of Field and Horticultural Crops

Silicon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 4945 - 4969

Published: June 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Silicon Effects Depend upon Insect Herbivore Guild and Has Limited Influence on Gall-Inducing Insects of Bauhinia brevipes

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 250 - 250

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized element in plant defense, often enhancing resistance to herbivory by strengthening cell walls and deterring feeding external herbivores. However, its impact on internal, endophytic herbivores, such as gall-inducing insects, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of silicon Bauhinia brevipes, focusing effects insects. We hypothesize that while strengthens tissues reduces it may have limited effect internal feeders, Our results indicate accumulation leaves significantly chewing insects but has no direct occurrence content galled was lower compared healthy leaves, suggesting manipulate distribution mitigate defensive effects. hypersensitivity reactions were positively influenced silicon, highlighting this localized defense mechanisms. findings reveal silicon’s tissue-specific roles emphasizing need for more research nuanced interactions with herbivores implications ecological applications. contributes literature multifaceted plant–herbivore potential applications sustainable pest management.

Language: Английский

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Silicon enhanced wheat: Effects on development, oviposition preferences and mandibular wear in Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata

Phytoparasitica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(2)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Application of jasmonic acid boosts accelerative effects of silicon addition on rice defense against invasion of apple snails (Ampullariidae)

Ecological Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 6, 2025

Abstract Background The invasion of apple snails ( Pomacea spp.) has a serious negative impact on the yield aquatic crops, including rice, which is vital food source for more than half global population and irreplaceable in maintaining security human society. So far, it been unclear whether jasmonic acid (JA) application can enhance effects silicon addition defense crops like rice against snails. Rice plants were grown greenhouse subjected to treatments involving (sodium silicate) JA (methyl jasmonate). Then, an indoor experiment, fed with leaves that had undergone treatments. Growth growth-related traits defense-related mechanic characters measured. Results Silicon significantly increased growth, leading improved biomass relative chlorophyll content. did not affect growth but their foliar nitrogen carbon content disproportionally, reduced C/N ratio. levels tannins, total phenolics, flavonoids leaves. tannin, phenolic, flavonoid leaves, particularly when supplied JA. could also force fracture In addition, sulfur silicon, combination resulted highest Both decreased weight gain, leaf consumption, rate, cellulase activity snails, indicating strong interaction. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicated both enhanced impeded amplified rice’s mechanism. This study provides new insights into controlling biological invasions crop yield.

Language: Английский

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