Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 716 - 716

Published: May 31, 2023

The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which calls into question food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms since they are sessile lack an immune system. These use a variety secondary metabolites as weapons to avoid obstacles, adapt their changing environment, survive less-than-ideal circumstances. Plant include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, stored specialized structures such latex, trichomes, resin ducts, etc. Secondary help plants be safe from biotic stressors, either by repelling them or attracting enemies, exerting toxic effects on them. Modern omics technologies enable elucidation structural functional properties these along with biosynthesis. A better understanding enzymatic regulations molecular aids exploitation modern pest management approaches biopesticides integrated management. current review provides overview major plant that play significant roles enhancing stress tolerance. It examines involvement both indirect direct defense mechanisms, well storage within tissues. Additionally, this explores importance metabolomics elucidating significance application metabolic engineering breeding for resistance is discussed, sustainable

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Activity, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in the Diet of Animals

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1141 - 1141

Published: May 23, 2023

As the world’s population grows, so does need for more and animal feed. In 2006, EU banned use of antibiotics other chemicals in order to reduce chemical residues food consumed by humans. It is well known that oxidative stress inflammatory processes must be combated achieve higher productivity. The adverse effects pharmaceuticals synthetic compounds on health product quality safety have increased interest phytocompounds. With plant polyphenols nutrition, they are gaining attention as a supplement Livestock feeding based sustainable, environmentally friendly approach (clean, safe, green agriculture) would also win–win farmers society. There an increasing producing healthier products origin with ratio polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) saturated modulating nutrition. Secondary metabolites (polyphenols) essential physiology involved various functions such growth, pigmentation, resistance pathogenic organisms. Polyphenols exogenous antioxidants act one first lines cell defense. Therefore, discoveries intracellular antioxidant activity contributed significantly improvement activity, prevent damage eliminate excessively produced free radicals. To welfare, medicines, increase origin, addition research breeding can practised part free-choice

Language: Английский

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From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 895 - 895

Published: July 28, 2023

Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, is the need for reliable efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding biosynthetic pathways factors influencing secondary metabolite production essential. These compounds unique type natural product which recognizes oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating defence mechanism plants. Various have been developed to enhance The elicitor-induced vitro culture technique considered tool studying improving In present review, we documented role under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, practical strategy obtaining consistent abundant via elicitation agents used culturing techniques also mentioned. By elucidating intricate interplay regulatory factors, this review paves way future advancements high-value metabolites.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential Effects and Mechanisms of Neuroprotection

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 5415 - 5415

Published: July 14, 2023

The increase in people’s longevity has, consequently, led to more brain involvement and neurodegenerative diseases, which can become complicated lead chronic degenerative thereby presenting greater public health problems. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times contain high concentrations of molecules, including polyphenols. It has proven that polyphenols, are present various natural sources provide curative effects against diseases disorders through neuroprotective effects. These mainly attributed their ability cross the blood–brain barrier, eliminate reactive oxygen species, cause chelation metal ions. Polyphenols concentration neurotrophic factors bind directly membrane receptors these factors, modulate activate signaling cascades allow plasticity, survival, proliferation, growth neuronal cells, allowing for better learning, memory, cognition. Moreover, polyphenols no serious adverse side resulting from consumption.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Sustainable Agriculture with Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria and Nanotechnology

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 2534 - 2534

Published: May 28, 2024

The symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and plants offers a promising avenue for sustainable agricultural practices environmental remediation. This review paper explores the molecular interactions nanoparticles, shedding light on their potential synergies in nanotechnology. Delving into evolutionary history specialized adaptations of cyanobacteria, this highlights pivotal role fixing atmospheric nitrogen, which is crucial ecosystem productivity. discusses unique characteristics metal nanoparticles emerging applications agriculture, including improved nutrient delivery, stress tolerance, disease resistance. It delves complex mechanisms nanoparticle entry plant cells, intracellular transport, localization, uncovering impact root-shoot translocation systemic distribution. Furthermore, elucidates cellular responses to exposure, emphasizing oxidative stress, signaling pathways, enhanced uptake. as carriers essential nutrients implications nutrient-use efficiency crop yield are also explored. Insights modulation responses, resistance, phytoremediation strategies demonstrate multifaceted benefits agriculture. Current trends, prospects, challenges nanotechnology discussed, underscoring need responsible safe utilization. By harnessing power leveraging attributes paves way innovative, sustainable, efficient practices.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing the Power of Polyphenols: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention and Therapy

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 692 - 692

Published: May 27, 2024

There are a wide variety of phytochemicals collectively known as polyphenols. Their structural diversity results in broad range characteristics and biological effects. Polyphenols can be found foods drinks, including fruits, cereals, tea, coffee. Studies both vitro vivo, well clinical trials, have shown that they possess potent antioxidant activities, numerous therapeutic effects, health advantages. Dietary polyphenols demonstrated the potential to prevent many problems, obesity, atherosclerosis, high blood sugar, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, neurological diseases. In this paper, protective effects mechanisms behind them investigated detail, citing most recent available literature. This review aims provide comprehensive overview current knowledge on role preventing managing chronic The cited publications derived from vitro, human-based studies trials. A more complete understanding these naturally occurring metabolites will pave way for development novel polyphenol-rich diet drug programs. This, turn, provides further evidence their benefits.

Language: Английский

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Fostering plant growth performance under drought stress using rhizospheric microbes, their gene editing, and biochar

Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(2)

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Plant secondary metabolites against biotic stresses for sustainable crop protection

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108520 - 108520

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Coping with the cold: unveiling cryoprotectants, molecular signaling pathways, and strategies for cold stress resilience

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Low temperature stress significantly threatens crop productivity and economic sustainability. Plants counter this by deploying advanced molecular mechanisms to perceive respond cold stress. Transmembrane proteins initiate these responses, triggering a series of events involving secondary messengers such as calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inositol phosphates. Of these, signaling is paramount, activating downstream phosphorylation cascades the transcription cold-responsive genes, including cold-regulated (COR) genes. This review focuses on how plants manage freeze-induced damage through dual strategies: tolerance avoidance. Tolerance involve acclimatization decreasing temperatures, fostering gradual accumulation resistance. In contrast, avoidance rely cryoprotectant molecules like potassium (K+), proline, glycerol, antifreeze (AFPs). Cryoprotectants modulate intracellular solute concentration, lower freezing point, inhibit ice formation, preserve plasma membrane fluidity. Additionally, demonstrate antioxidant activity, scavenging ROS, preventing protein denaturation, subsequently mitigating cellular damage. By forming extensive hydrogen bonds with water molecules, cryoprotectants also limit intercellular movement, minimizing extracellular crystal cell dehydration. The deployment key adaptive strategy that bolsters plant resilience promotes survival in environments. However, specific physiological underlying protective effects remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, underscores need for further research elucidate assess their potential impact sustainability, contributing progressive discourse biology environmental science.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial biosynthesis of flavonoids: Overview, current biotechnology applications, challenges, and prospects

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2023

Abstract Flavonoids are secondary metabolites present in plant organs and tissues. These natural the most prevalent display a wide range of beneficial physiological effects, making them usually intriguing several scientific fields. Due to their safety for use protective attributes, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial functions, flavonoids broadly utilized foods, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals. However, conventional methods producing flavonoids, such as extraction chemical synthesis, entailed dangerous substances, laborious procedures, with low product yield. Recent studies have documented ability microorganisms, fungi bacteria, synthesize adequate amounts flavonoids. Bacterial biosynthesis from biomass is viable environmentally friendly technique on larger scale has recently received much attention. Still, only few bacteria species, particularly Escherichia coli , been extensively studied. The recent developments bacterial reviewed discussed this article, various applications food biocontrol agents. In addition, challenges currently faced flavonoid possible solutions, application modern biotechnology approaches developing strains that could successfully produce an industrial scale, were elucidated.

Language: Английский

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