Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1590 - 1611

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, global systems. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial maximize risk avoidance, productivity, profitability under climate-changed environments. We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders predict current novel traits may essential future pearl millet, sorghum, maize, groundnut, cowpea, common bean varieties, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. then review the progress prospects breeding three prioritized future-essential each of these crops. Experts most priorities remain important, but rates genetic gain must increase keep pace with climate consumer demands. Importantly, predicted include targets also prioritized; example, (1) optimized rhizosphere microbiome, benefits P, N, water use efficiency, (2) performance across or specific systems, (3) lower nighttime respiration, (4) improved stover quality, (5) increased early vigor. further discuss cutting-edge tools approaches discover, validate, incorporate diversity from exotic germplasm into populations unprecedented precision, accuracy, speed. conclude greatest challenge developing crop win race between security might our innovativeness defining boldness breed tomorrow.

Language: Английский

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Molecular breakthroughs in modern plant breeding techniques

Horticultural Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits develop superior cultivars. This review provides concise overview modern breakthroughs plant production. Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive breeding are briefly discussed. In this study, we explore contemporary techniques producing desirable crop varieties. These include cisgenesis, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing, haploid induction, de novo domestication. We examine the speed approach—a strategy cultivating plants under controlled conditions. further highlight significance technologies efficiently utilizing agricultural resources production urban areas. The deciphering genomes has led development extensive DNA markers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pangenomes associated various traits. shift genotypic selection considerably expedites process. Based on population used, connection between phenotypic data several genetic elements, including genes, alleles that can be used genomic editing. integration genomic-assisted cutting-edge genome editing tools made it feasible rapidly manipulate generate multiple cycles accelerate Breakthroughs substantial improvements methods.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 578 - 578

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Rice is an important diet source for the majority of world’s population, and meeting growing need rice requires significant improvements at production level. Hybrid has been a breakthrough in this regard, floral traits play major role development hybrid rice. In grass species, structural units called florets spikelets contains different floret organs such as lemma, palea, style length, anther, stigma exsertion. These are crucial enhancing uplifting cultivation broader Recent advances breeding techniques also provide knowledge about how they can be improved by using biotechnological better The flower holds immense significance primary focal point researchers working on molecular biology. Furthermore, unique genetics maintaining its structure. However, to improve varieties further, we identify genomic regions through mapping QTLs (quantitative trait loci) or GWAS (genome-wide association studies) their validation should performed developing user-friendly markers, Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). This review outlines benefits modern approaches production. It focuses interrelated possible contribution satisfy future demand. We discuss traits, techniques, historical perspective current status outline challenges opportunities field.

Language: Английский

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Drought stress mitigation through bioengineering of microbes and crop varieties for sustainable agriculture and food security

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100285 - 100285

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Climate change and agriculture are intrinsically connected sudden changes in climatic conditions adversely impact global food production security. The climate change-linked abiotic stressors like drought high temperatures resulting crop failure. most severe stress significantly affect the stomatal closure, of reactive oxygen species, transpiration, photosynthesis or other physiological processes plant morphology, growth yield. Therefore, there is an exigent need for cost effective eco-friendly modern technologies to induce tolerance plants leading climate-adapted sustainable agricultural practices sustained production. Among many options being pursued this regard, use promoting microbes (PGPMs) approach promote resilience better productivity. These PGPMs confer resistance via various direct indirect mechanisms including antioxidants, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, modulation phytohormones level, osmotic adjustment by inducing accumulation sugars, along with increases nutrients, water uptake photosynthetic pigments. However, several technological ecological challenges limit their sometimes treatment beneficial fails produce desired results under field conditions. Thus, development synthetic microbial communities host mediated microbiome engineering transgenic capacity express traits may survival present review critically assesses research evidence on potentials genes as develop resilient increased Effective collaboration among scientific communities, policymakers regulatory agencies needed create strong frameworks that both regulate utilization agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 18, 2024

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) plays a crucial role in crop breeding improving the speed and precision of conventional programmes by quickly reliably identifying selecting plants with desired traits. However, efficacy MAS depends on several prerequisites, precise phenotyping being key aspect any plant programme. Recent advancements high-throughput remote phenotyping, facilitated unmanned aerial vehicles coupled to machine learning, offer non-destructive efficient alternative traditional, time-consuming, labour-intensive methods. Furthermore, relies knowledge marker-trait associations, commonly obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), understand complex traits such as drought tolerance, including yield components phenology. GWAS has limitations that artificial intelligence (AI) been shown partially overcome. Additionally, AI its explainable variants, which ensure transparency interpretability, are increasingly used recognised problem-solving tools throughout process. Given these rapid technological advancements, this review provides an overview state-of-the-art methods processes underlying each MAS, from genotyping analyses integration along entire workflow. In context, we specifically address challenges importance winter wheat for greater tolerance stable yields, regional droughts during critical developmental stages pose threat production. Finally, explore transition scientific progress practical implementation discuss ways bridge gap between cutting-edge developments breeders, expediting MAS-based tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Bioinformatics for Molecular Breeding and Enhanced Crop Performance

Published: July 19, 2024

Bioinformatics plays a crucial role in crop improvement and breeding by facilitating the analysis interpretation of vast genetic data. It accelerates these processes aiding selecting desirable traits, such as yield, tolerance to abiotic biotic stresses, improved nutritional content. tools empower researchers delve into makeup plants, encompassing engineering, gene expression, variation, intricate interactions between genes their environment. Additionally, it assists devising effective plant disease diagnostic strategies may contribute future decision management systems predicting monitoring health quality. are instrumental single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mining subsequent utilization high-throughput SNP genotyping for varietal identification, differentiation, evolutionary studies. The manifold applications bioinformatics encompass diversity analysis, phylogenetic relationship estimation through use software, well prediction heterosis heterotic combinations within programs. Genomics constitutes pivotal realm improvement, comprehensive examination entire genomes. Genomic unveils vital information about location function genes, allowing breeders pinpoint traits formulate innovative varieties that enhance performance. Furthermore, expedites forecasting desired molecular markers marker-assisted selection (MAS). Other indispensable areas transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics. Transcriptomics explores while proteomics metabolomics studying proteins metabolites. These facets offer insights biochemical occurring plants. Moreover, genomic like MAS, GWAS, used identify linked traits. is development new varieties. enables genome editing via technologies CRISPR-Cas9. designing efficient gRNA constructs, on-target off-target outcomes, potentially enhancing improvement. In summary, data diverse tools, aids identifying creating varieties, expediting efficiency. Despite its tremendous impact on breeding, large amounts continue pose difficulties, demanding approaches novel long-term agricultural progress.

Language: Английский

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A new approach for evaluating maize transgressive segregants and their three-way cross potential in the S4 convergent breeding population

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

The development of transgressive segregant (TS) selection on convergent breeding populations S4 maize is a concept that rarely applied. However, the TS necessary to accelerate pipelines. Therefore, objectives this study were (1) develop and (2) select be developed as hybrid cross parents. was carried out using two experiments. first experiment designed with an augmented design 6 replications for control genotypes. This just one factor focused it divided into sets: non-replicated 32 lines replicated four check varieties. second validation three-way cross. used randomized complete block three replications. Based resulting study, combination ratio analysis, path best linear unbiased prediction, relative fitness, indices objective approach assessing genetic potential TS. index formed 0.53 ear weight + 0.24-grain yield percentage yield. resulted in 11 being further evaluated their potential, line CB2.23.1 best. these TSs are expected focus identifying combining ability through diallel crosses future. Furthermore, assessment also revealed SG 3.35.12 × JH37 F1 CB 2.23.1 promising lines.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Genomic Prediction Accuracy of Reproduction Traits in Rongchang Pigs Through Machine Learning

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 525 - 525

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The increasing volume of genome sequencing data presents challenges for traditional genome-wide prediction methods in handling large datasets. Machine learning (ML) techniques, which can process high-dimensional data, offer promising solutions. This study aimed to find a method local pig breeds, using 10 datasets with varying SNP densities derived from imputed 515 Rongchang pigs and the Pig QTL database. Three reproduction traits—litter weight, total number piglets born, born alive—were predicted six five ML methods, including kernel ridge regression, random forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Light Machine, Adaboost. methods’ efficacy was evaluated fivefold cross-validation independent tests. predictive performance both initially increased density, peaking at 800–900 k SNPs. outperformed ones, showing improvements 0.4–4.1%. integration GWAS database enhanced robustness. models exhibited superior generalizability, high correlation coefficients (0.935–0.998) between test results. GBDT forest showed computational efficiency, making them genomic livestock breeding.

Language: Английский

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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Breeding Industry Using Plant Genotype and Phenotype Data

Journal of Advances in Information Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 372 - 379

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Breeding of Solanaceous Crops Using AI: Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches—A Critical Review

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 757 - 757

Published: March 20, 2025

This review discusses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and its subset, deep (DL), in advancing genetic improvement Solanaceous crops. AI has emerged as a powerful solution to overcome limitations traditional breeding techniques, which often involve time-consuming, resource-intensive processes with limited predictive accuracy. Through advanced algorithms models, ML DL facilitate identification optimization key traits, including higher yield, improved quality, pest resistance, tolerance extreme climatic conditions. By integrating big data analytics omics, these methods enhance genomic selection (GS), support gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, accelerate crop breeding, thus enabling development resilient adaptable highlights role improving Solanaceae crops, such tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper, aim developing novel varieties superior agronomic quality traits. Additionally, this study examines advantages AI-driven compared Solanaceae, emphasizing contribution agricultural resilience, food security, environmental sustainability.

Language: Английский

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