Consensus and Controversial Aspects of Vitamin D and COVID-19

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 108(5), P. 1034 - 1042

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Abstract Objective This work aims to review and discuss controversial topics in the field of vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19. Methods The International Conferences “Controversies Vitamin D” are a series workshops that started 2017 featuring international experts leaders D research clinical practice. fifth annual conference was held Stresa, Italy, September 15 18, 2021. Evidence Before event, participants reviewed available studies on their assigned topic, drafted related abstract, presented findings at time conference. Relevant literature became since also discussed within panel updated accordingly. Consensus abstracts had been merged prepare preliminary document. After presentations, in-depth discussions open sessions led consensus. document subsequently modified according up-to-date inclusion. Conclusions There is quite consistent evidence for an association between low 25 OH (25(OH)D) levels poor COVID-19 outcomes, despite heterogeneous publications variable quality. However, status patients might reflect reverse causality. supplementation have positive role prevention. supporting beneficial effect treatment decreasing risk complications conflicting. Conclusive statements regarding this context await high-quality, randomized controlled trials.

Language: Английский

---

Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 12, 2022

COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cells, all hallmarks a strong response that can lead to severe complications multi-organ damage. Mortality in patients associated with high prevalence neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation microthrombosis are exacerbated hyperglycemia, diabetes, old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection humans non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences COVID-19, possibly concomitant the Lewy bodies brain invasion nervous system via olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review relevance human cathelicidin LL-37 infections. an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, pleiotropic effects on response, neovascularization, body formation, pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form vitamin D number compounds induce expression one might predict its upregulation, could reduce COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance speeding endothelial repair after tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, supporting blood-glucose level stabilization insulin release β-cell neogenesis. addition, it has been postulated directly bind S1 domain SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, limit infection. Purposeful also serve as preventative therapeutic strategy for

Language: Английский

---

Vitamin D Status and Parkinson’s Disease

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 790 - 790

Published: June 16, 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, postural instability. Furthermore, PD associated with wide spectrum non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability. In recent years, some investigations, from basic science clinical applications, have focused on the role vitamin D in PD, often controversial findings. Vitamin has widespread effects several biological processes central nervous system, including neurotransmission dopaminergic neural circuits. Various studies recorded lower levels patients than healthy controls. Low status also been correlated risk for motor severity, whereas less known about cognitive function other symptoms. This review aims better characterize correlation between clarify prevention treatment, discuss avenues future research this field.

Language: Английский

---

Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 2716 - 2716

Published: June 29, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge facing modern medicine and public health systems. viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2, with emergence new variants in-creased infectious potential, a cause for concern. In addition, vaccination coverage remains in-sufficient worldwide. Therefore, there need to develop therapeutic options, and/or optimize repositioning drugs approved other indications COVID-19. This may include use calcifediol, prohormone vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) as it have potential useful effects treatment We review aspects associating VDES calcifediol in VDES/VDR stimulation enhance innate antiviral effector mechanisms, facilitating induction antimicrobial peptides/autophagy, critical modulatory role subsequent host reactive hyperinflammatory phase during COVID-19: By decreasing cytokine/chemokine storm, regulating renin–angiotensin–bradykinin (RAAS), modulating neutrophil activity maintaining integrity pulmonary epithelial barrier, stimulating repair, directly indirectly increased coagulability prothrombotic tendency associated severe its complications. Available evidence suggests that stimulation, while optimal serum 25OHD status, patients SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly reduce risk acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19, possible beneficial on mechanical ventilation intensive care unit (ICU) admission, well deaths course disease. pharmacokinetic functional characteristics give superiority rapidly optimizing levels A pilot study several observational intervention studies using high doses (0.532 mg day 1 0.266 days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28) dramatically decreased ICU admission mortality rate. We, therefore, propose at described rapid correction deficiency all early stages association, if necessary, oral agents.

Language: Английский

---

The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review

Food Science & Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1634 - 1656

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, green leafy plants algae animal fermented foods (VitK2). The present review explores multiple biological functions of VitK2 from recently published

Language: Английский

---

Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized COVID-19 pediatric patients: A randomized controlled trial

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 25, 2022

Some studies suggested that adequate levels of vitamin D (VD) decrease the risk severe COVID-19. Information about effectiveness VD supplementation in children is scarce. To assess efficacy and safety compared to standard care hospitalized with An open-label randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial was carried out. We included patients from 1 month 17 years, moderate COVID-19, who required hospitalization supplemental oxygen. They were into two groups: group, which received doses 1,000 (children < year) or 2,000 IU/day (from years) group without (control). The outcome variables progression oxygen requirement, development complications, death. For comparison between groups, we used chi-squared test Fisher's exact Mann-Whitney U test. Absolute reduction (ARR) number needed treat (NNT) calculated. p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. From 24 March 2020 31 2021, 87 eligible participate trial; 45 randomized: 20 25 control group. There no difference general characteristics at baseline, including serum (median 13.8 ng/ml 11.4 group). 2/20 (10%) vs. 9/25 (36%) progressed a superior ventilation modality (p = 0.10); one patient died (5%) 6 (24%) 0.23). ARR 26% (95% CI 8.8 60.2%) NNT 3 (2 11) for 19% -3.9 42.8%) 26) None receiving had adverse effects. stopped ethical reasons; since after results basal values, none normal levels. In this trial, pediatric seems COVID-19 More are confirm these findings. This protocol registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04502667.

Language: Английский

---

Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(5), P. 1383 - 1390

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 Egyptian children and adolescents. We also receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism genetic marker susceptibility.

Language: Английский

---

Beneficial Effect of Short-Term Supplementation of High Dose of Vitamin D3 in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Prospective Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 4, 2022

There is now sufficient evidence to support that vitamin D deficiency may predispose SARS-CoV-2 infection and increase COVID-19 severity mortality. It has been suggested 3 supplementation be used prophylactically as an affordable safe strategy could added the existing standard treatment. This multicenter, single-blinded, prospective randomized pilot clinical trial aimed evaluate safety, tolerability, effectiveness of 10,000 IU/day in comparison with 2000 cholecalciferol for 14 days reduce duration 85 hospitalized individuals. The median age participants was 65 years (Interquartile range (IQR): 53–74), most them (71%) were men mean baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) serum 15 ng/ml (standard deviation (SD):6). After supplementation, 25(OH)D levels significantly increased group who received 10,000IU/day ( p &lt; 0.0001) n = 44) 2,000IU/day 41), especially overweight obese participants, higher dose well tolerated. A fraction individuals our cohort (10/85) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). length hospital stay these patients ARDS different assigned 4; 7 days; IQR: 4–13) 6; 27 12–45) 0.04). Moreover, inspired oxygen reduced 7.6-fold high 0.049). In terms blood parameters, we did not identify overall significant improvements, although platelet count showed a modest but difference those supplemented 0.0492). conclusion, administration association care during hospitalization safe, tolerable, beneficial, thereby helping improve prognosis recovery process.

Language: Английский

---

Effective prognostic and clinical risk stratification in COVID‐19 using multimodality biomarkers

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 294(1), P. 21 - 46

Published: April 28, 2023

Abstract In acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) patients, effective clinical risk stratification has important implications on treatment and therapeutic resource distribution. This article reviews the evidence behind a wide range of biomarkers with prognostic value in COVID‐19. Patient characteristics co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular respiratory diseases, are associated increased mortality risk. Peripheral oxygen saturation arterial oxygenation predictive severe compromise, whereas scores 4C‐score enable multi‐factorial estimation. Blood tests markers inflammation, cardiac injury d ‐dimer abnormalities electrocardiogram linked to inpatient prognosis. Of imaging modalities, lung ultrasound echocardiography bedside assessment Chest radiograph (CXR) computed tomography (CT) can inform about pulmonary pathologies, CT detects high‐risk features coronary artery aortic calcification. Dynamic changes biomarkers, blood tests, CXR, findings, further severity Despite vast volumes existing evidence, several gaps exist our understanding COVID‐19 biomarkers. First, pathophysiological basis which these foretell prognosis remains poorly understood. Second, certain under‐explored thoracic impedance magnetic resonance deserve investigation. Lastly, values most derived from retrospective analyses. Prospective studies required validate for guiding decision‐making facilitate their translation into management pathways.

Language: Английский

---

Moderate COVID‐19 Disease Is Associated With Reduced Bone Turnover

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(7), P. 943 - 950

Published: May 1, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection has been associated with musculoskeletal manifestations, including a negative effect on bone health. Bone formation was found to be reduced in disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this case-control study determine whether metabolism is coupled or uncoupled COVID-19 patients moderately severe disease, the latter expressed by requirement hospitalization but not intensive care treatment, no need for mechanical ventilation, and C-reactive protein level (median [quartiles], 16.0 [4.0; 52.8]) mg/L serum. Besides standard biochemical markers, serum levels C-terminal telopeptide type 1 collagen, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline sclerostin, dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin were evaluated COVID-19-infected at time hospital admission, along those age- sex-matched noninfected controls. median age 14 female 11 male infected included matched-pair analysis (67 [53; 81]) years. collagen significantly lower (0.172 [0.097; 0.375] ng/mL) than controls (0.462 [0.300; 0.649] ng/mL; p = 0.011). patients' osteocalcin (10.50 [6.49; 16.26] also (15.33 [11.85, 19.63] ng/mL, 0.025). Serum sclerostin dickkopf-1 higher relative remaining parameters did differ between cases A limitation that recruited from different hospitals. Nevertheless, due geographical proximity two centers, we assume fact influence results study. Given limitation, investigation showed altered remains COVID-19. Therefore, it important evaluate turnover markers fracture risk these during postinfection period. © 2023 Authors. Journal Mineral Research published Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf American Society (ASBMR).

Language: Английский

---