Antimicrobial peptides with antiviral and anticancer properties and their modification and nanodelivery systems

Current Research in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100121 - 100121

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural biopolymers in the host defense system. AMPs display multiple functions against bacterial, fungal, and viral infection, as well anticancer properties. promising antiviral agents. The average size, net charge, hydrophobicity residue percentage of these Peptide Database (APD) 26 amino acids, 3.5 (+), 48 %, respectively. However, pharmacokinetic disadvantages such low proteolytic chemical stability, high cytotoxicity hemolytic activity, salt sensitivity inhibit their clinical application. Given effects on features, circumventing drawbacks improving efficacy critically important for structure acid components can be modified by several methods, including stabilization, hybridization, cyclization, fragmentation, multimerization, alteration conjugation or ligation. Furthermore, nanotechnologies effective tools strategies to improve reduce side effects. For example, melittin-nano its therapeutic minimize nonspecific cytotoxicity. Clinical trials waiting evaluate delivery system novel treatments.

Language: Английский

---

Enhancing Titanium-Osteointegration: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties of multifunctional coatings through Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly

Applied Surface Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 162149 - 162149

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 and our understanding of vitamin D and immune function

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 106710 - 106710

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The interaction between vitamin D and the immune system is perhaps most well recognised extraskeletal facet of D, encompassing early studies therapy for TB leprosy through to more recent links with autoimmune disease. However, spotlight on function has been particularly intense in last five years following COVID-19 pandemic. This was due, part, many association status infection disease prognosis, as smaller number clinical trials supplementation. a potential role also stemmed from basic biology that provides plausible mechanistic rationale beneficial effects improved health setting respiratory infection. aim this review summarise different strands evidence supporting effect COVID-19, how modified during pandemic itself, new aspects are likely arise near future. Key topics feature are: antibacterial versus antiviral innate responses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)2D); 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) activity metabolism 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) beyond antigen-presenting cells; advances cell target gene (notably changes metabolic profile). Whilst much interest era focused public health, continued evolution our understanding interacts components continues support health.

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of cathelicidins

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 26, 2024

The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance the last decades has prompted search for alternatives to control infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a heterogeneous class of molecules with ample antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. They can be found many organisms, including all classes vertebrates, providing valuable source new agents. unique properties AMPs make it harder microbes develop resistance, while their immunomodulatory target diversity reinforce translational use multiple diseases, from autoimmune disorders different types cancer. latest years have witnessed vast number studies evaluating therapy, progressing clinical trials. present review explores recent developments medicinal cathelicidins, family potent Cathelicidins several organisms been tested disease models viral bacterial infections, inflammatory tumors, encouraging results. Combining nanomaterials active, natural peptides, LL-37 synthetic analogs like ceragenins, leads creation innovative nanoagents significant promise. However, there are still important limitations, such as toxicity cathelicidins healthy host cells low stability

Language: Английский

---

Oral microbiota and metabolites: key players in oral health and disorder, and microbiota-based therapies

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

The review aimed to investigate the diversity of oral microbiota and its influencing factors, as well association with health possible effects dysbiosis disorder. cavity harbors a substantial microbial burden, which is particularly notable compared other organs within human body. In usual situations, exists in state equilibrium; however, when this balance disturbed, multitude complications arise. Dental caries, prevalent issue cavity, primarily caused by colonization activity bacteria, streptococci. Furthermore, environment also houses pathogenic bacteria that are associated onset gingival, periapical, periodontal diseases, cancer. Various strategies have been employed prevent, control, treat these disorders. Recently, techniques utilizing microbiota, like probiotics, transplantation, replacement pathogens, caught eye. This extensive examination seeks offer general view their metabolites concerning disease, resilience used for prevention, treatment disorders specific area.

Language: Английский

---

Role of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in thrombosis and thromboinflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 5, 2023

Thrombosis is a frequent cause of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Current antithrombotic strategies, however, target both thrombosis physiological hemostasis thereby increase bleeding risk. In recent years the pathophysiological understanding thrombus formation has significantly advanced inflammation become crucial element. Neutrophils as most immune cells in blood their released mediators play key role herein. Neutrophil-derived cathelicidin next to its strong antimicrobial properties also shown modulates thus presents potential therapeutic target. this article we review direct indirect (immune- endothelial cell-mediated) effects on platelets coagulation system. Further discuss implications for large vessel consecutive thromboinflammation well immunothrombosis sepsis COVID-19 give an outlook prospects.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 684 - 684

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an exceptionally transmissible and pathogenic that appeared at the end of 2019 triggered a pandemic disease, known as disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 can evolve into severe associated with immediate delayed sequelae in different organs, including central nervous system (CNS). A topic deserves attention this context complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we initially described clinical immunopathogenic characteristics these two illnesses, accentuating fact can, defined patients, reach CNS, target tissue MS autoimmune process. The well-known contribution viral agents such Epstein-Barr virus postulated participation risk factor for triggering or worsening are then described. We emphasize vitamin D scenario, considering its relevance susceptibility, severity control both pathologies. Finally, discuss experimental animal models could be explored to better understand interplay diseases, possible use adjunct immunomodulator treat them.

Language: Английский

---

Inflammation‐, immunothrombosis,‐ and autoimmune‐feedback loops may lead to persistent neutrophil self‐stimulation in long COVID

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Understanding the pathophysiology of long COVID is one most intriguing challenges confronting contemporary medicine. Despite observations recently made in relevant molecular, cellular, and physiological domains, it still difficult to say whether post-acute sequelae COVID-19 directly correspond consequences severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This work hypothesizes that neutrophils neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production are at interconnection three positive feedback loops which initiated phase SARS-CoV-2 infection, involve inflammation, immunothrombosis, autoimmunity. phenomenon could be favored by fact may bind penetrate neutrophils. The ensuing strong stimulation leads a progressive amplification an exacerbated uncontrolled NETs production, potentially persisting for months beyond continuous self-stimulation leads, turn, systemic micro-thromboses, autoantibodies, whose significant include persistence endothelial multiorgan damage, vascular complications.

Language: Английский

---

LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 2463 - 2463

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Innate immunity responds to infections and inflammatory stimuli through a carefully choreographed set of interactions between cells, their specific receptors. Of particular importance are endogenous peptides, which assume roles as defensins or alarmins, growth factors wound repair inducers. LL-37, proteolytic fragment cathelicidin, fulfills the defensin by inserting into membranes bacterial pathogens, functions alarmin in stimulating chemotaxis innate immune alters structure efficacy various cytokines. Here, we draw attention direct effect LL-37 on neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs), NETs have been established mediators defense against pathogens but also important contributors chronic disease tissue pathogenesis. We propose structural basis for function, part highlighting flexibility its ability adapt distinct microenvironments interacting counterparts.

Language: Английский

---

Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings—From Current Techniques to Potential Applications

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 640 - 640

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

The transmission of pathogens through contact with contaminated surfaces is an important route for the spread infections. recent outbreak COVID-19 highlights necessity to attenuate surface-mediated transmission. Currently, disinfection and sanitization are commonly performed in this regard. However, there some disadvantages associated these practices, including development antibiotic resistance, viral mutation, etc.; hence, a better strategy necessary. In years, peptides have been studied be utilized as potential alternative. They part host immune defense many vivo applications drug delivery, diagnostics, immunomodulation, etc. Additionally, ability interact different molecules membrane microorganisms has made it possible exploit them ex such antimicrobial (antibacterial antiviral) coatings. Although antibacterial peptide coatings extensively proven effective, antiviral more development. Therefore, study aims highlight coating strategies current practices application materials personal protective equipment, healthcare devices, textiles public settings. Here, we presented review on techniques incorporate surface that will serve guide developing cost-effective, sustainable coherent We further our discussion challenges using material examine future perspectives.

Language: Английский

---