Antimicrobial Peptides—Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1417 - 1417

Published: Oct. 16, 2022

The growing emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a global problem that not only influences healthcare systems but also has grave implications for political and economic processes. As the discovery novel agents is lagging, one solutions innovative therapeutic options would expand our armamentarium against this hazard. Compounds interest in many such studies are peptides (AMPs), which actually represent host’s first line defense pathogens involved innate immunity. They have broad range activity Gram-negative Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, viruses, with specific mechanisms action utilized by different AMPs. Coupled lower propensity development, it becoming clear AMPs can be seen as emerging very promising candidates more pervasive usage treatment infectious diseases. However, their use quotidian clinical practice without challenges. In review, we aimed to summarize state-of-the-art evidence on structure AMPs, well provide detailed information activity. We present contemporary trials application highlight beyond diseases potential challenges may arise increasing availability.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized COVID-19 pediatric patients: A randomized controlled trial

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 25, 2022

Some studies suggested that adequate levels of vitamin D (VD) decrease the risk severe COVID-19. Information about effectiveness VD supplementation in children is scarce. To assess efficacy and safety compared to standard care hospitalized with An open-label randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial was carried out. We included patients from 1 month 17 years, moderate COVID-19, who required hospitalization supplemental oxygen. They were into two groups: group, which received doses 1,000 (children < year) or 2,000 IU/day (from years) group without (control). The outcome variables progression oxygen requirement, development complications, death. For comparison between groups, we used chi-squared test Fisher's exact Mann-Whitney U test. Absolute reduction (ARR) number needed treat (NNT) calculated. p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. From 24 March 2020 31 2021, 87 eligible participate trial; 45 randomized: 20 25 control group. There no difference general characteristics at baseline, including serum (median 13.8 ng/ml 11.4 group). 2/20 (10%) vs. 9/25 (36%) progressed a superior ventilation modality (p = 0.10); one patient died (5%) 6 (24%) 0.23). ARR 26% (95% CI 8.8 60.2%) NNT 3 (2 11) for 19% -3.9 42.8%) 26) None receiving had adverse effects. stopped ethical reasons; since after results basal values, none normal levels. In this trial, pediatric seems COVID-19 More are confirm these findings. This protocol registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04502667.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and long COVID-19: recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 249 - 271

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Nearly four years after its first appearance, and having gone from pandemic to endemic, the SARS-CoV-2 remains out of control globally. The purpose this study was evaluate clinical efficacy vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 long COVID-19, explain discrepancy outcomes highlight potential impact metformin on VD recent articles. Articles January 2022 August 2023 were selected for review. objective achieved by reviewing, analyzing, discussing articles demonstrating (1) mechanism action (2) observational or randomized trials (RCTs) that support not beneficial effects COVID. (3) genetic non-genetic reasons variation VD. collected electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Science Direct, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. Twenty three studies conducted vitro animal models indicated may act through protecting respiratory system antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins, reducing lung inflammation, regulating innate adaptive immune functions up regulation autophagy gene activity. Our review identified 58 met criteria. number publications supporting a activity treating 49 (86%), including 12 meta-analyses. Although total patients included all 14,071,273, role 14,029,411 (99.7%). Collectively, extensive decisive relationship between low levels severity mortality outcomes. Importantly, evidence intervention has demonstrated effectiveness supplements COVID-19. Furthermore, results 4 supported alleviating symptoms disease. However, eight RCTs one meta-analysis contain low-grade against Twenty-five have addressed association VDR DBP polymorphisms treatment failure Impaired signaling underlie variability mechanisms. Interestingly, studies, therapeutic possibly improving AMPK enhancing In conclusion, been significantly strengthened over past 18 months, with several meta-analyses reporting conclusive supplementation highlighting improve sensitivity

Language: Английский

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Could vitamin D supplementation play a role against COVID-19?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 12 September 2022Sec. Nutritional Immunology Volume 13 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.967215

Language: Английский

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Emerging perspectives: unraveling the anticancer potential of vitamin D3

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 397(5), P. 2877 - 2933

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Shedding light on the next pandemic path, from outpatient to ICU, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Background Vitamin D insufficiency is named “the pandemic of our era” by some experts. World Health Organization warns against a “deadlier outbreak” than the COVID-19 pandemic. Critical evidence hereby for future prevention, with special emphasis on D. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted 172 unvaccinated adult participants, who presented to emergency department. Blood measurements, radiological findings, and demographic features were evaluated in four categories “healthy adults, outpatients, hospitalized inpatients wards, ICU.” Results statistically significant association age, gender, weight, D, glucose, urea, creatinine, leucocyte, aspartate transaminase, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, troponin, platelet/thrombocyte, ferritin, D-dimer, triglycerate, glycated haemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase chest computed tomography (each p &lt; 0.050). Conclusion This article presents support importance global public health. Patients adequate levels are less likely be admitted ICU versus being outpatients. Factors include comorbidities, findings. The ultimate goal globally minimize preventable burdens disease death.

Language: Английский

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Can vitamin D positively impact one or more postacute-COVID-19 syndrome musculoskeletal and cognitive complications?

International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 1 - 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 has persisted in various forms now for three years without any major reduction on its detrimental health outcomes. This mini review highlights some aspects of the condition post-acute or long syndrome that recently been seen to emerge among a fair percentage survivors. It asks whether efforts ensure vitamin D intake exposure levels can impact one more manifestations way. Using key words: Vitamin D, Long COVID Post-acute PUBMED, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were explored articles relevance. Described narrative form, these data reveal while this topic not yet articulated degree most management December 2022, challenges musculoskeletal alone appear warrant due consideration.

Language: Английский

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International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 has persisted in various forms now for three years without any major reduction on its detrimental health outcomes.This mini review highlights some aspects of the condition post-acute or long syndrome that recently been seen to emerge among a fair percentage survivors.It asks whether efforts ensure vitamin D intake exposure levels can impact one more manifestations way.Using key words: Vitamin D, Long COVID Post-acute PUBMED, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were explored articles relevance.Described narrative form, these data reveal while this topic not yet articulated degree most management December 2022, challenges musculoskeletal alone appear warrant due consideration.

Language: Английский

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“Sunlight” Vitamin D3—Multifaceted, Mysterious, Necessary

Biology Bulletin Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(S3), P. S254 - S263

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Sunny Vitamin D3 – Multifaceted, Mysterious, Necessary

Успехи современной биологии, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 143(5), P. 419 - 429

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

The importance of vitamin D3 for maintaining the level health in conditions acute respiratory and vascular infectious pathology COVID-19 is considered. Physiological deficiency has been documented as a negative predictor virus exposure disease severity. A complex clinical experimental studies documents that performs function controlling hemovascular homeostasis – endothelium wall, immunological reactions, coagulation rheological properties blood, systemic hemodynamics, etc. variety effects determined by transcriptional role receptor, which expresses gene targets synthesis functional protective proteins. possibilities supplementation, its chemical metabolites, preventive therapeutic strategy are

Language: Английский

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