Heterogeneity and endotypes in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 542 - 554

Published: June 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Insulin therapy among diabetic patients in rural communities of Sub-Saharan Africa: a perspective review

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In this perspective review, we describe a brief background on the status quo of diabetes mellitus-related therapies and glycemic control among patients in rural communities sub-Saharan Africa. The article discusses insulin therapy as well difficulties obtaining oral hypoglycemic medications for diabetic living We wrap up our discussion with suggestions solutions opportunities future research to tackle health challenge these impoverished communities. conducted literature search from PubMed Google Scholar until August 2023. Key words were used generate terms retrieve required information. All types pertinent information current topic included study. Diabetes mellitus is rise Several studies have reported poor control, low screening rates mellitus, cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, prescription antidiabetic therapy, associated costs contributors uptake treatment. Although there paucity data extent its possible modifiable region, anticipated increase number people continent makes it critical global leaders address gaps Africa, thus reducing burden populations.

Language: Английский

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Fifty years of HLA-associated type 1 diabetes risk: history, current knowledge, and future directions

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

More than 50 years have elapsed since the association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was first reported. Since then, methods for identification HLA progressed from cell based to DNA based, and number recognized variants has grown a few tens thousands. Current genotyping methodology allows exact all HLA-encoding genes in an individual's genome, statistical analysis evolving digest enormous amount data that can be produced at astonishing rate. The region genome been repeatedly shown most important genetic risk factor T1D, original reported associations replicated, refined, expanded. Even remarkable progress through over 5,000 reports, comprehensive understanding effects on T1D remains elusive. This report represents summary field as it evolved stands now, enumerating many past present challenges, suggests possible paradigm shifts moving forward future studies hopes finally ways which influences pathophysiology T1D.

Language: Английский

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Association between alleles, haplotypes, and amino acid variations in HLA class II genes and type 1 diabetes in Kuwaiti children

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder that highly prevalent globally. The interactions between genetic and environmental factors may trigger T1D in susceptible individuals. HLA genes play significant role pathogenesis, specific haplotypes are associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. Identifying can greatly improve scoring for early diagnosis difficult to rank subgroups. This study employed next-generation sequencing evaluate association class II alleles, haplotypes, amino acids T1D, by recruiting 95 children 150 controls Kuwaiti population. Significant associations were identified alleles at HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 loci, including DRB1*03:01:01, DQA1*05:01:01, DQB1*02:01:01, which conferred high risk, DRB1*11:04:01, DQA1*05:05:01, DQB1*03:01:01, protective. DRB1*03:01:01~DQA1*05:01:01~DQB1*02:01:01 haplotype was most strongly while DRB1*11:04-DQA1*05:05-DQB1*03:01 only rendered protection against T1D. We also 66 acid positions across significantly novel associations. These results validate extend our knowledge on children. variations influence disease development through effects structure function allow intervention via population-based screening efforts.

Language: Английский

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Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and youth in Burkina Faso 2013-2022

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 111086 - 111086

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Type 1 diabetes in the pancreas: A histological perspective

Diabetic Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(12)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Abstract Aims This review aims to introduce research in the pancreas a broader audience. The is heterocrine gland residing deep within our abdominal cavity. It home islets, which play pivotal role regulating metabolic homeostasis. Due its structure and location, it an impossible organ study, molecular detail, living humans, yet, understanding critical if we aim characterise immunopathology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) one day prevent triggering autoimmune attack associated with ß‐cell demise. Methods Over 100 years ago, began studying pancreatic histology using cadaveric samples clever adaptations microscopes. As histologists, some may say nothing much has changed. Nevertheless, microscopes can now interrogate multiple proteins at resolution. Images sections are no longer constrained single field view capture thousands cells. AI‐image‐analysis packages analyse these massive data sets offering breakthrough findings. Conclusion narrative will provide overview anatomy, importance focused on T1D. range from histological breakthroughs briefly discussing challenges characterising organ. I shall selection available global biobanks touch distinct endotypes that differ immunologically behaviour. Finally, idea developing collaborative tool aimed cohesive framework for heterogeneity stratifying T1D more readily.

Language: Английский

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the context of high levels of rural deprivation: differences in demographic and anthropometric characteristics between urban and rural cases in NW Ethiopia

Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Background While there is increasing evidence for an altered clinical phenotype of Type 1 diabetes in several low-and middle-income countries, little known about urban-rural differences and how the greater poverty rural environments may alter pattern disease. Objective Investigation demographic anthropometric characteristics type a resource-poor setting. Research design methods Analysis unique case register, comprising all patients (rural urban) presenting with over 20 yr. period poor, geographically defined area northwest Ethiopia. The records included age, sex, place residence, together height weight at onset. Results A total 1682 new cases were registered mean age onset 31.2 (SD 13.4) thin 1/3 body mass index (BMI) <17kg/m 2 . There was striking male predominance when between 35 yr., this more marked very poor dwellers compared to urban population. most presented low BMIs reduced height, stunting preferentially affected men. Conclusions These data have led hypothesis that complex interactions among socioeconomic conditions early life affect both pancreatic function development autoimmunity provide possible explanation unusual community.

Language: Английский

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Biochemical profile of patients in ketosis-prone diabetes state in Côte d’Ivoire

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 277 - 283

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

: Diabetes keto-acidosis is the most serious hyperglycemic emergency in patients with diabetes. DKA has long been considered a key clinical feature of T1D. In this study, we assessed biochemical disorders focused on lipid and renal parameters KPD. We carried out case-controls study for one year, encompassing 200 participants total. Patients were outpatients newly diagnosed diabetics attending first time hospitals, controls no-ketosis participants. Blood samples taken, after 10 to 12 hours fasting from day before, different tubes each intended analyses according instructor’s recommendation. The increased mean value blood glucose together HbA1c are corrolated ketonuria. As regard cardio-metabolic risk, ketosis-prone at greater risk than AIP was higher KPD women men, no significant statistical correlation. Uremia creatininemia, two kidney commonly prescribed explore glomerular filtration, correlated some social indicators. values these both significantly age group. Creatinine patients, line filtration rate (GFR). older participants, parameters. These parameters, high atherogenic index lower rate, documented our must be sought when inaugural ketosis suspected improving prognosis initial step management.

Language: Английский

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors associated, among patients at Franceville Amissa Bongo regional Hospital, Gabon

Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 001 - 012

Published: May 5, 2024

Introduction: To assess the type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and risk factors associated, among patients, at Franceville Amissa Bongo regional Hospital Gabon, A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between June September 2023. Materials Methods: Blood glucose measured using blood drawn from each participant, according to American Diabetes Association standards. As elsewhere, correlations variables obtained, were R software version 3.6.1. Odds ratios calculated within a 95% interval, results considered significant when p-value ≤ 0, 05. Results: samples 328 people, with mean age of 48.24 ± 13.8 years, collected for this study. The 13.72% (95% CI: [0.10- 0.18]), (n=45). After univariate analysis, adjustment by binary multivariate logistic regression, indicated female gender (Ajusted OR = 0.53; CI [1.52; 39.41] p 0.014*), cohabiting 92.73 ; [2.9; 29.05] 0.010*), inactive 9.17; [1.11; 75.05] 0.040*), overweight/obese 0. 017; [0.002; 0.18] family history 50.13; [8.87; 283.50] 0.000*) high triglyceride levels 0.03; [0.003; 0.36] 0.005*), as potential factors, in present Conclusion: population high. Prevention control disease through early detection are essential.

Language: Английский

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Lupus and other autoimmune diseases: epidemiology in the population of African ancestry, and diagnostic and management challenges in Africa

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 100288 - 100288

Published: June 1, 2024

Autoimmune diseases are prevalent among people of African ancestry living outside Africa. However, the burden autoimmune in Africa is not well understood. This article provides a global overview current individuals descent. It also discusses major factors contributing to this population group, as challenges involved diagnosing and managing

Language: Английский

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