Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
100, P. 104157 - 104157
Published: May 22, 2023
Pharmaceuticals
have
been
classified
as
emerging
contaminants
in
the
aquatic
ecosystem,
mainly
due
to
their
increased
use
and
improper
disposal.
A
significant
range
of
pharmaceutical
compounds
metabolites
globally
detected
surface
waters
pose
detrimental
effects
non-target
organisms.
Monitoring
water
pollution
relies
on
analytical
approaches
for
detection,
however,
such
are
limited
by
sensitivity
limit
coverage
wide
compounds.
This
lack
realism
risk
assessment
is
bypassed
with
effect-based
methods,
which
complemented
chemical
screening
impact
modelling,
able
provide
mechanistic
insight
pollution.
Focusing
freshwater
this
study
we
evaluated
acute
daphnids
three
distinct
groups
pharmaceuticals;
antibiotics,
estrogens,
a
commonly
encountered
environmentally
relevant
pollutants.
Combining
several
endpoints
mortality,
biochemical
(enzyme
activities)
holistic
(metabolomics)
discovered
patterns
biological
responses.
In
study,
changes
enzymes
metabolism
e.g.
phosphatases
lipase,
well
detoxification
enzyme,
glutathione-S-transferase,
were
recorded
following
exposure
selected
pharmaceuticals.
targeted
analysis
hydrophilic
profile
revealed
up-regulation
metformin,
gabapentin,
amoxicillin,
trimethoprim
β-estradiol.
Whereas
gemfibrozil,
sulfamethoxazole
oestrone
resulted
down-regulation
majority
metabolites.
Frontiers in Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: April 26, 2024
In
the
European
regulatory
context,
rodent
in
vivo
studies
are
predominant
source
of
neurotoxicity
information.
Although
they
form
a
cornerstone
neurotoxicological
assessments,
costly
and
topic
ethical
debate.
While
public
expects
chemicals
products
to
be
safe
for
developing
mature
nervous
systems,
considerable
numbers
commerce
have
not,
or
only
limited
extent,
been
assessed
their
potential
cause
neurotoxicity.
As
such,
there
is
societal
push
toward
replacement
animal
models
with
vitro
alternative
methods.
New
approach
methods
(NAMs)
can
contribute
knowledge
base,
increase
chemical
safety,
modernize
hazard
risk
assessment.
Provided
reach
an
acceptable
level
relevance
reliability,
NAMs
may
considered
as
replacements
specific
studies.
The
Partnership
Assessment
Risks
from
Chemicals
(PARC)
addresses
challenges
development
implementation
collaboration
agencies,
Project
5.2.1e
(Neurotoxicity)
aims
develop
evaluate
developmental
(DNT)
adult
(ANT)
understand
applicability
domain
detection
endocrine
disruption
epigenetic
perturbation.
To
speed
up
assay
time
reduce
costs,
we
identify
early
indicators
later-onset
effects.
Ultimately,
will
assemble
second-generation
first-generation
test
batteries,
both
which
aim
provide
assessors
industry
stakeholders
robust,
speedy,
lower-cost,
informative
next-generation
assessment
tools.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(3)
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract
New
food
sources
and
production
systems
(NFPS)
are
garnering
much
attention,
driven
by
international
trade,
changing
consumer
preferences,
potential
sustainability
benefits,
innovations
in
climate‐resilient
systems.
However,
NFPS
can
introduce
new
challenges
for
safety
agencies
manufacturers.
Most
hazards
linked
to
foods
have
been
identified
traditional
foods.
there
be
some
that
unique
ingredients,
inputs,
processes
unexpected
contaminants.
To
realize
the
full
of
NFPS,
is
a
need
stakeholders
from
governments,
industry,
research
community
collectively
work
address
communicate
products.
This
review
outlines
known
associated
with
select
products
on
market,
namely,
plant‐derived
proteins,
seaweeds,
jellyfish,
insects,
microbial
as
well
derived
cell‐based
production,
precision
fermentation,
vertical
farming,
3D
printing.
We
identify
common
elements
emerging
regulatory
frameworks
various
countries/regions.
Furthermore,
we
highlight
current
efforts
harmonization
terminologies,
use
recent
scientific
tools
fill
knowledge
gaps,
multi‐stakeholder
collaborations
tackle
challenges.
Although
cannot
one‐size‐fits‐all
approach
when
it
comes
oversight
ensuring
develop
consensus‐based
structured
protocols
or
workflows
among
facilitate
comprehensive,
robust,
internationally
harmonized
approaches.
These
increase
consumers’
confidence
contribute
toward
fair
practices
trade
such
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
946, P. 174062 - 174062
Published: June 24, 2024
The
concern
on
the
fate
and
distribution
of
contaminants
emerging
(CECs)
is
a
burning
topic
due
to
their
persistence
potential
harmful
effects.
Particularly,
antibiotics
have
received
great
attention
implications
in
antimicrobial
resistance
occurrence.
impact
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTP)
remarkable,
being
one
main
pathways
for
introduction
CECs
into
aquatic
systems.
combination
novel
analytical
methodologies
risk
assessment
strategies
promising
tool
find
out
environmentally
relevant
compounds
posing
major
concerns
freshwater
ecosystems
impacted
by
those
effluents.
Within
this
context,
multi-target
approach
was
applied
three
Spanish
river
basins
affected
different
WWTP
treated
effluents
spatio-temporal
monitoring
chemical
status.
Solid
phase
extraction
followed
ultra-high-performance
liquid
chromatography
were
used
quantification
large
panel
(n
=
270),
including
pharmaceuticals
other
consumer
products,
pesticides
industrial
chemicals.
To
end,
water
samples
collected
four
sampling
campaigns
at
locations
each
basin:
(i)
upstream
from
WWTPs;
(ii)
effluent
discharge
points
(effluent
outfall);
(iii)
downstream
WWTPs
(500
m
downriver
outfall).
Likewise,
24-h
composite
provided
all
periods.
First
occurrence
these
assessed.
Diverse
seasonal
trends
observed
depending
group
compounds,
though
COVID-19
outbreak
variations
certain
pharmaceuticals.
Detection
frequencies
concentrations
generally
exceeded
measured
low
or
non-quantifiable.
Finally,
risks
associated
with
maximum
contamination
levels
evaluated
using
two
approaches
account
antibiotic
selection
as
well.
From
studied
89
evidenced
environmental
least
occasion
study.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(4), P. 1568 - 1575
Published: Jan. 19, 2023
Chemicals
have
improved
the
functionality
and
convenience
of
industrial
consumer
products,
but
sometimes
at
expense
human
or
ecological
health.
Existing
regulatory
systems
proven
to
be
inadequate
for
assessing
managing
tens
thousands
chemicals
in
commerce.
A
different
approach
is
urgently
needed
minimize
ongoing
production,
use,
exposures
hazardous
chemicals.
The
premise
essential-use
that
concern
should
used
only
cases
which
their
function
specific
products
necessary
health,
safety,
functioning
society
when
feasible
alternatives
are
unavailable.
To
optimize
broader
implementation
United
States
Canada,
we
recommend
governments
businesses
(1)
identify
essentiality
assessments
based
on
a
broad
range
hazard
traits,
going
beyond
toxicity;
(2)
expedite
decision-making
by
avoiding
unnecessary
strategically
asking
up
three
questions
determine
whether
use
chemical
product
essential;
(3)
apply
as
early
possible
process
developing
chemicals;
(4)
engage
diverse
experts
identifying
uses
functions,
alternatives,
making
determinations
share
such
information
broadly.
If
optimized
expanded
into
other
policymaking
bodies,
businesses,
can
improve
management
shift
market
toward
safer
chemistries
benefit
ACS Chemical Health & Safety,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
30(2), P. 83 - 97
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
The
lethal
dose
or
concentration
which
kills
50%
of
the
animals
(LD50
LC50)
is
an
important
parameter
for
scientists
to
understand
toxicity
chemicals
in
different
scenarios
that
can
be
used
make
go-no-go
decisions,
and
ultimately
assist
choice
right
personal
protective
equipment
needed
containment.
LD50
assessment
process
has
also
required
use
many
although
modern
methods
have
reduced
number
rats
needed.
Since
a
compound
usually
considered
highly
toxic
when
lower
than
25
mg/kg,
such
classification
provides
potentially
valuable
safety
information
synthetic
chemists
other
scientists.
need
finding
alternative
approaches
as
computational
reduce
animal
this
testing
further
still.
We
now
summarize
our
efforts
public
data
building
vivo
LC50
regression
machine
learning
models
various
species
(rat,
mouse,
fish,
daphnia)
their
fivefold
cross-validation
statistics
with
algorithms
well
external
curated
test
set
mouse
LD50.
These
datasets
consist
molecule
classes,
may
cover
activity
ranges,
range
dataset
sizes.
challenges
using
are
applicability
domain
will
understood
so
they
reliable
predictions
novel
molecules.
backed
up
experimental
validation.
However,
could
bridge
gaps
individual
datasets.
Making
available
opens
them
potential
misuse
dual
use.
these
propose
scoring
millions
commercially
molecules,
most
likely
do
not
known
matter
any
vitro
toxicity.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
180, P. 108161 - 108161
Published: Sept. 26, 2023
Food
contact
materials
(FCMs)
and
food
articles
are
ubiquitous
in
today's
globalized
system.
Chemicals
migrate
from
FCMs
into
foodstuffs,
so
called
chemicals
(FCCs),
but
current
regulatory
requirements
do
not
sufficiently
protect
public
health
hazardous
FCCs
because
only
individual
substances
used
to
make
tested
mostly
for
genotoxicity
while
endocrine
disruption
other
hazard
properties
disregarded.
Indeed,
a
known
source
of
wide
range
chemicals,
they
likely
contribute
highly
prevalent
non-communicable
diseases.
can
also
include
non-intentionally
added
(NIAS),
which
often
unknown
therefore
subject
risk
assessment.
To
address
these
important
shortcomings,
we
outline
how
the
safety
may
be
improved
by
(1)
testing
overall
migrate,
including
(unknown)
NIAS,
finished
articles,
(2)
expanding
toxicological
beyond
multiple
endpoints
associated
with
diseases
relevant
human
health.
identify
mechanistic
testing,
group
chronic
outcomes
chemical
exposure
Six
Clusters
Disease
(SCOD)
propose
that
should
their
impacts
on
SCOD.
Research
focus
developing
robust,
relevant,
sensitive
in-vitro
assays
based
information
linked
SCOD,
e.g.,
through
Adverse
Outcome
Pathways
(AOPs)
or
Key
Characteristics
Toxicants.
Implementing
this
vision
will
improve
prevention
exposures,
FCMs.
ALTEX,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 4 - 33
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Four
decades
of
the
Human
Genome
Project
and
its
consequences
have
shown
how
entrepreneurial
state,
through
significant
investment
into
science,
can
drive
scientific
progress
advance
biomedicine.
A
certain
fraction
diseases
now
be
explained
as
caused
by
genetics,
a
more
impacted
genetics.
Besides
another
pathogens,
third
probably
largest
impactor
is
exposure,
i.e.,
many
physicochemical
lifestyle
factors.
This
article
makes
case
that
it
time
to
start
Exposome
Project,
which
systematically
explores
catalogs
exposure
side
human
health
disease.The
envisioned
needs
than
scaled
exposomics
approach,
aiming
assess
totality
relevant
exposures
~omics
body
fluids
forming
hypotheses.
Exposomics
increasingly
complemented
science
biomonitoring
measure
mechanistic
understanding,
human-relevant
microphysiological
systems,
big
data,
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
mine
these
data
integrate
pieces
evidence.
The
potential
impact
AI
on
possible
so
substantial
we
should
speak
exposome
(EI)
because
this
allows
us
expand
our
limited
current
knowledge
unknown
unknowns
threats
health.