Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e30208 - e30208

Published: April 25, 2024

The rapid emergence of multiple strains Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as variants concern (VOC), these exhibit heightened transmissibility pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, continual SARS-CoV-2 presents a formidable obstacle achieving herd immunity. Of particular is coronavirus spike (S) protein, pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry infectivity. Mutations within S have been shown enhance confer resistance antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining efficacy traditional platforms. Moreover, undergoes molecular under selective immune pressure, leading diverse with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores urgent need vigilance adaptation in development efforts combat evolving landscape mutations ensure long-term effectiveness immunization campaigns.

Language: Английский

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The Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern also affects companion animals

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1. 1.529) has brought with it an increase in incidence SARS-CoV-2 disease. However, there is hardly any data on its companion animals. We have detected presence this new domestic animals (dogs and cats) living infected owners Spain. None RT-qPCR positive (10.13%) presented clinical signs viral loads were low. In addition, shedding RNA lasted a short period time Infection concern (VOC) was confirmed by sequencing. These outcomes suggest lower virulence cats dogs. They also demonstrate transmission from humans to highlight importance active surveillance as well genomic research detect VOCs or mutations associated animal hosts.

Language: Английский

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant and the Specific Immune Response in Companion Animals in Switzerland

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 245 - 245

Published: Jan. 15, 2023

In human beings, there are five reported variants of concern severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, in contrast to descriptions infections animals with specific still rare. The aim this study is systematically investigate SARS-CoV-2 companion close contact SARS-CoV-2-positive owners (“COVID-19 households”) a focus on the Delta variant. Samples, obtained from and their were analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) next-generation sequencing (NGS). Animals also tested for antibodies neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. Eleven cats three dogs nine COVID-19-positive households RT-qPCR and/or serologically positive For seven animals, genetic sequence could be determined. infected by one pangolin lineages B.1.617.2, AY.4, AY.43 AY.129 between zero single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected viral genomes owners, indicating within-household transmission animal owner multi-pet animals. NGS data identified SNPs that occur at higher frequency sequences than humans, as well SNPs, which exclusively found investigated current not owners. conclusion, our first describe variant Switzerland provides first-ever description Delta-variant AY.4 Our results reinforce need One Health approach monitoring

Language: Английский

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Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review

The Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(5), P. 337 - 354

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Serological Survey of Retrovirus and Coronavirus Infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in Rural Stray Cats in The Netherlands, 2020–2022

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1531 - 1531

Published: July 12, 2023

Stray cats can host (zoonotic) viral pathogens and act as a source of infection for domestic or humans. In this cross-sectional (sero)prevalence study, sera from 580 stray living in 56 different cat groups rural areas The Netherlands were collected October 2020 to July 2022. These used investigate the prevalence cat-specific feline leukemia virus (FeLV, n = 580), seroprevalence viruses immunodeficiency (FIV, 580) coronavirus (FCoV, 407), zoonotic severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, 407) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). ELISA-positive results confirmed Western blot (FIV) pseudovirus neutralization test (SARS-CoV-2). FIV was 5.0% (95% CI (Confidence Interval) 3.4-7.1) ranged 0-19.0% among groups. FIV-specific antibodies more often detected male cats, ≥ 3 years with reported health problems. No FeLV-positive found 0.0-0.6). FCoV 33.7% 29.1-38.5) 4.7-85.7% FCoV-specific years, problems industrial countryside residences compared at holiday parks campsites. SARS-CoV-2 against subunit 1 (S1) receptor binding domain (RBD) protein 2.7% 1.4-4.8) but negative therefore considered suspected. Our findings suggest that be FCoV, indicating potential risk transmission other while FeLV is low. However, suspected infections these uncommon. We no evidence cat-to-cat spread studied consider likelihood spillover humans

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: July 1, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) infection of a novel permissive host species can result in rapid viral evolution. Data suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS2 infection, and species-specific adaptation following human-to-felid transmission may occur. We employed experimental analysis publicly available sequences observe variant emergence selection domestic cats. Three cohorts cats (N = 23) were inoculated with USA-WA1/2020 or infected via cat-to-cat contact transmission. Full genomes recovered from RNA obtained nasal washes 1–3 days post-infection analyzed for within-host variants. detected 118 unique variants at ≥3 per cent allele frequency two technical replicates. Seventy these (59 cent) nonsynonymous single nucleotide (SNVs); the remainder synonymous SNVs structural On average, we observed twelve cat, nearly 10-fold higher than what is commonly reported human patients. signatures positive spike protein eleven located same genomic positions as mutations lineages have emerged during pandemic. Fewer noted other exposed lower doses cultured inoculum. An ninety-three consensus naturally reflected circulating local population time sampling, illustrating humans, suggesting occurring settings typically unidirectional. These results underscore rapidity felid hosts, representing theoretical potential origin populations. Further, should be considered hosts capable shedding virus infections within households.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns in animals: An unmonitored rising health threat

VirusDisease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 466 - 476

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS CoV-2 (Delta Variant) Infection Kinetics and Immunopathogenesis in Domestic Cats

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1207 - 1207

Published: June 1, 2022

Continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the critical need for adaptable and translational animal models acute COVID-19. Limitations to current SARS CoV-2 (e.g., transgenic mice, non-human primates, ferrets) include subclinical mild lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease course, and/or host genetic modifications permit infection. We therefore established a feline model study progression utilized this evaluate infection kinetics immunopathology rapidly circulating Delta variant (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2. In study, specific-pathogen-free domestic cats (n = 24) were inoculated intranasally intratracheally with (B.1.617.2). Infected developed severe pulmonary lesions at 4- 12-days post-infection (dpi), even 1/10 dose previously studied wild-type Infectious virus was isolated nasal secretions delta-variant infected in high amounts multiple timepoints, viral antigen co-localized ACE2-expressing cells lungs (pneumocytes, vascular endothelium, peribronchial glandular epithelium) strongly associated inflammation vasculitis that more pronounced than RNA sequencing lung tissues identified upregulation gene pathways cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signaling, protein–cytokine interactions during Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) differentially expressed genes several distinct clusters dysregulated hub are significantly correlated both signs Collectively, results these studies help delineate role transmission response emergence, establish flexible develop strategies prevent spread SARS-CoV-2, identify potential targets downstream therapeutic development.

Language: Английский

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Successful Detection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 by Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Participants in an Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 726 - 741

Published: May 24, 2023

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, veterinary diagnostic laboratories have tested samples for SARS-CoV-2 both in animals and over 6 million human samples. An evaluation of performance those is needed using blinded test to ensure that report reliable data public. This interlaboratory comparison exercise (ILC3) builds on 2 prior exercises assess whether can detect Delta Omicron variants spiked canine nasal matrix or viral transport medium.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic UK Cats from Alpha to Omicron: Swab Surveillance and Case Reports

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Although domestic cats are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the role of virus in causing feline disease is less well defined. We conducted a large-scale study identify SARS-CoV-2 infections UK pet cats, using active and passive surveillance. Remnant respiratory swab samples, submitted for other pathogen testing between May 2021 February 2023, were screened RT-qPCR. In addition, we appealed veterinarians samples from suspected having clinical infections. Bespoke neutralising antibodies was also performed, on request, cases. One RT-qPCR-positive cat identified surveillance (1/549, 0.18 %), during Delta wave (1/175, 0.57 %). Passive detected one infected Alpha variant, two ten tested wave. No after emergence Omicron BA.1 its descendants although 374 by eleven describe four cases RT-qPCR and/or serology, that presented range signs, as their genome sequences. Our results demonstrate that, uncommon, can do occur.

Language: Английский

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