Fungal Biocontrol Agents in the Management of Postharvest Losses of Fresh Produce—A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 82 - 82

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Postharvest decay of vegetables and fruits presents a significant threat confronting sustainable food production worldwide, in the recent times, applying synthetic fungicides has become most popular technique managing postharvest losses. However, there are concerns reported proofs hazardous impacts on consumers’ health environment, traceable to application chemical treatments as preservatives fresh produce. Physical methods, other hand, cause damage produce, exposing it even more infections. Therefore, healthier environmentally friendly alternatives existing methods for decays produce should be advocated. There is increasing consensus that utilization biological control agents (BCAs), mainly fungi, represents effective strategy controlling losses compared physical treatments. Secretion antifungal compounds, parasitism, well competition nutrients space common antagonistic mechanisms employed by these BCAs. This article provides an overview (i) currently used management diseases highlighting their limitations, (ii) use biocontrol alternative such diseases, with emphasis fungal antagonists, mode action, and, importantly, advantages when commonly used. We therefore hypothesize antagonists prevention loss methods. Finally, particular attention given gaps observed establishing beneficial microbes BCAs factors hamper development, particularly terms shelf life, efficacy, commercialization, legislation procedures.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Environment

Mycobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 335 - 387

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Fungi and their natural products, like secondary metabolites, have gained a huge demand in the last decade due to increasing applications healthcare, environmental cleanup, biotechnology-based industries. The fungi produce these metabolites (SMs) during different phases of growth, which are categorized into terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides. These SMs exhibit significant biological activity, contributes formulation novel pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, bioremediation agents. Nowadays, fungal-derived widely used food beverages, for fermentation, preservatives, protein sources, dairy In it is being as an antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive drug. usage modern tools biotechnology can achieve increase large-scale production. present review comprehensively analyses diversity fungal along with emerging agriculture, sustainability, nutraceuticals. Here, authors reviewed recent advancements genetic engineering, metabolic pathway manipulation, synthetic biology improve production yield SMs. Advancement fermentation techniques, bioprocessing, co-cultivation approaches Investigators further highlighted importance omics technologies understanding regulation biosynthesis SMs, offers drug discovery sustainable agriculture. Finally, addressed potential manipulation biotechnological innovations exploitation commercial benefits.

Language: Английский

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Effective biological control of chickpea rabies (Ascochyta rabiei) through systemic phytochemical defenses activation by Trichoderma roots colonization: From strain characterization to seed coating

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 105530 - 105530

Published: May 13, 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of great economic and agricultural importance worldwide, whose crop severely affected by rust or Ascochyta blight, caused the fungus rabiei. The fungal genus Trichoderma includes several species widely characterized as effective biological control agents against pathogens. First, this work potential A. rabiei directly (in vitro confrontation) indirectly in chickpea plants (activation systemic resistance), selecting T. harzianum EN1 most efficient strain. Subsequently, different materials were tested coatings to apply conidia on seeds, determining that gum arabic at 1 % concentration was one promoted germination seeds. third phase study based application coating seeds plant survival after infection with pathogen rabiei, characterizing root colonization hormonal metabolic changes related induction defenses. treatment found increase Trichoderma-root improve survival. ethylene- melatonin-mediated resistance, which led accumulation nicotinic acid tissues, considered cause such protection. Therefore, applied seed could be good strategy chickpea, due resistance.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Management of Major Fungal Phytopathogens in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) for Food Security: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 207 - 207

Published: March 6, 2025

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a globally important energy and food crop that becoming increasingly integral to security the environment. However, its production significantly hampered by various fungal phytopathogens affect yield quality. This review aimed provide comprehensive overview of major affecting sorghum, their impact, current management strategies, potential future directions. The diseases covered include anthracnose, grain mold complex, charcoal rot, downy mildew, rust, with an emphasis on pathogenesis, symptomatology, overall economic, social, environmental impacts. From initial use fungicides shift biocontrol, rotation, intercropping, modern tactics breeding resistant cultivars against mentioned are discussed. In addition, this explores disease management, particular focus role technology, including digital agriculture, predictive modeling, remote sensing, IoT devices, in early warning, detection, management. It also key policy recommendations support farmers advance research thus emphasizing need for increased investment research, strengthening extension services, facilitating access necessary inputs, implementing effective regulatory policies. concluded although pose significant challenges, combined effort innovative policies can mitigate these issues, enhance resilience sorghum facilitate global issues.

Language: Английский

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Relative effectiveness of newly developed liquid bioformulations of Trichoderma isolates against Alternaria brassicicola on Indian mustard

Indian Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Preparation of chitosan-derived hierarchical porous materials and study on their adsorption of patulin

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 486, P. 144484 - 144484

Published: April 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma: A Review of its Mechanisms of Action in Plant Sustainable Disease Control

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1492(1), P. 012008 - 012008

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Trichoderma has been widely studied for its potential as a bioagent managing plant pathogens. ’s biological control mechanisms include competition, modification of environmental conditions, antibiosis, induction defensive mechanisms, mycoparasitism, and growth promotion. produces diverse metabolites that have antifungal activity. These peptaibols, gliotoxin, trichokonins. also β-1,3-glucanases chitinases can break down fungal pathogens’ cell walls. In addition to direct antagonism against pathogens, trigger localised or systemic resistance in plants, which is achieved through the production elicitors such chitin oligosaccharides β-glucans activate defence responses. form mutualistic associations with plants. colonises roots these partnerships, enhancing by boosting nutrient uptake triggering resistance. As biomanagement agent, offers numerous benefits compared traditional crop protection methods, like synthetic pesticides.

Language: Английский

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Potencial de Trichoderma spp como agente antagonista de Phytophthora palmivora en plántulas de cacao variedad CCN-51

Horizon Nexus Journal., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 18 - 35

Published: April 30, 2025

Phytophthora palmivora es un patógeno devastador en cultivos de cacao, que causa enfermedades como la podredumbre vaina y pudrición raíz, afectando significativamente productividad calidad los cultivos. Dado el control químico presenta desafíos debido a resistencia del sus efectos ambientales, biológico mediante hongos Trichoderma harzianum se una alternativa prometedora. Este estudio evaluó potencial tres cepas (TCH-01, TCH-22, TCH-09) agentes biocontroladores P. plántulas cacao variedad CCN-51. Se realizaron evaluaciones crecimiento radial las cepas, inhibición esporulación in vitro, así incidencia severidad enfermedad tratadas. Los resultados mostraron TCH-01 fue cepa más eficaz, logrando 80% 96%, lo superior otras cepas. En también presentó menor (10%) (20%) enfermedad, comparación con controles. Estos demuestran tiene alto para ser utilizado biocontrolador palmivora, contribuyendo estrategias manejo sostenibles reduciendo dependencia tratamientos químicos cultivo cacao.

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Biological control agents: mechanisms of action, selection, formulation and challenges in agriculture

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 7, 2025

The increasing global population has intensified the demand for food production, both in quantity and quality. To meet this challenge prevent crop diseases, chemical pesticides have been widely used. However, their negative effects on human health environment driven search sustainable alternatives. In context, microbial-based biopesticides, particularly Trichoderma Bacillus , emerged as key biocontrol agents agroecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of agricultural significance, focusing mechanisms action, efficacy, biotechnological advancements aimed at optimizing performance. spp. act primarily through mycoparasitism, nutrient competition, antibiosis, while employ such lipopeptide lytic enzymes, siderophores, activation induced systemic resistance (ISR). Unlike traditional reviews that describe biological functions, work offers structured framework application, addressing factors selection criteria effective agents, formulation strategies, product stability, viability, regulatory challenges commercial agriculture. Additionally, recent studies genetic enhancement, including CRISPR-based modifications, are examined to improve adaptability, metabolic activity, effectiveness pathogen control across diverse systems. By integrating biological, technological, practical perspectives, aims bridge gap between scientific real-world applications, contributing development scalable disease management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Action in Plant Disease Control

Published: May 21, 2024

Trichoderma has been widely studied for its potential as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic organisms. Trichoderma's biological control mechanisms include competition, modification of environmental conditions, antibiosis, induction defensive mechanisms, and mycoparasitism. species are known to produce variety secondary metabolites that have antifungal activity. These peptaibols, gliotoxin, trichokonins. also produces chitinases β-1,3-glucanases can degrade the cell walls fungal pathogens. In addition direct antagonism pathogens, induce systemic or localised resistance in plants, which is achieved through production elicitors such chitin oligosaccharides β-glucans activate defence responses. form mutualistic associations with plants. these associations, colonises roots plants promotes growth by increasing nutrient uptake inducing resistance. Using several advantages over conventional crop protection techniques based on applying synthetic pesticides.

Language: Английский

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