Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 704 - 728

Published: Oct. 10, 2021

Abstract Environmental enrichment (EE) can improve the welfare of captive fish. Its objective is to provide new sensorial and motor stimulation in order help meet their behavioural, physiological, morphological psychological needs, whilst reducing stress frequency abnormal behaviours. In fish farms, rearing environments are usually designed from a human perspective based on economic requirements, mainly for practical reasons farmer, with little consideration animal welfare. Throughout aquaculture production cycles, many farming operations be stressful fish, EE may not only them cope these events but also overall recent years, increasing interest effects has focussed structural enrichment. However, there other strategies that merit attention (e.g. sensorial, occupational, social dietary enrichment) which farming. Here, we review depth existing literature its wide range farmed species, discussing feasibility potential applications different promote at commercial scale. We present framework address design, validation implementation by industry, taking technical challenges providing

Language: Английский

---

Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 704 - 725

Published: May 4, 2021

Abstract Growing research effort has shown that physical enrichment (PE) can improve fish welfare and validity. However, the inclusion of PE does not always result in positive effects conflicting findings have highlighted many nuances involved. Effects are known to depend on species life stage tested, but may also vary with differences specific items used as between within studies. Reporting fine‐scale characteristics studies help reveal these factors. We conducted a survey PE‐focused published last 5 years examine current state methodological reporting. The results suggest some aspects adequately detailed. For example, amount dimensions objects were frequently omitted. Similarly, ecological relevance, or other justification, for was made explicit. Focusing ecologically relevant increasing level detail reported benefit future work we propose framework acronym DETAILS ( D imensions, E cological rationale, T iming enrichment, A mount, I nputs, L ighting S ocial environment). outline potential importance each elements this hope it aid reporting standardization across studies, ultimately aiding search more beneficial types development our understanding ability captive promote biologically behaviour.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental Enrichment for Rats and Mice Housed in Laboratories: A Metareview

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 414 - 414

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Environmental enrichment has been widely studied in rodents, but there is no consensus on what should look like or it achieve. Inconsistent use of the term “enrichment” creates challenges drawing conclusions about quality an environment, which may slow housing improvements for laboratory animals. Many review articles have addressed environmental rats and mice (Rattus norvegicus Mus musculus). We conducted a metareview 29 to assess how defined are commonly described as its goals requirements. Recommendations from each article were summarised illustrate conditions generally considered suitable rodents. While alternative terminology, many acknowledged that blanket terms “enriched” be avoided. was most often conceptualised method increase natural behaviour improve animal welfare. Authors also outlined perceived risks requirements enrichment. discuss these perceptions, make suggestions future research, advocate adoption more specific value-neutral terminology.

Language: Английский

---

Rearing in a Physically Enriched Environment Affects Shoaling and Stress Responses of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Novel Conditions

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 38 - 38

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The impact of enrichment on stress reduction in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to a novel environment was assessed. Four control shoals (CTRL) and five treated (TRT), each with eight fish, were observed; TRT tanks, PVC pipe included (three-way tube, 11.7 × 4 cm) as for 90 days. Subsequently, fish moved new tank shoaling test, behavior evaluated over periods 0'-5' 5'-10'. Cortisol dissolved water measured before after the test. No differences found between two groups distance moved, swimming speed, or shoal acceleration. Both reduced interindividual second phase test (CTRL: t = 8.977, p ≤ 0.0001; TRT: 8.247, 0.0001), though maintained greater spacing (t 2.292, 0.05). spent more time without contact during both phases (first: 2.645, 0.05; second: 3.134, 0.01), while CTRL this 2.991, rose significantly 2.452, 0.05) but not fish. These results suggest that environmental mitigates stress, seen by cohesiveness cortisol

Language: Английский

---

Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(3), P. 1038 - 1056

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

ABSTRACT Globally, millions of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) are used for scientific laboratory experiments which researchers have a duty care, with legal obligations to consider their welfare. Considering the growing use as vertebrate model addressing diverse range questions, optimising conditions is major importance both welfare and improving research. However, most guidelines care breeding research concerned primarily maximising production minimising costs pay little attention effects on environments in fish maintained, or how those affect Here we review physical social kept, identifying drawing factors likely experimental science. We also identify fundamental lack knowledge interact many biotic abiotic features natural environment support ways optimise health well‐being laboratory, turn quality data produced. advocate that under maintained need become more integral part understand fully they influence outcome interpretations generated.

Language: Английский

---

Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 209 - 209

Published: March 23, 2024

Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important avoid effects on experimental outcomes, especially when zebrafish preclinical studies, as many diseases confounding factors. A key aspect nutrition related feed intake, amount ingested by each fish daily. With goal standardizing among community, paper systematically reviews available data from 73 studies regimes (levels), diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding composition, crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) lipid content (9.91 5.40%). Interestingly, gross energy levels diets were similar across reviewed (20.39 2.10 kilojoules/g feed). In papers, received predetermined quantity (feed supplied). The authors fed according voluntary intake then calculated (FI) only 17 papers. From quantitative point view, FI higher than fixed (pre-defined) supplied. Also, literature showed that biotic abiotic factors may affect FI. Finally, based gathered literature, new protocol proposed. summary, daily rate 9–10% body weight proposed larvae, whereas these values equal 6–8% juveniles 5% adults dry with proper used.

Language: Английский

---

Novel Husbandry Practices Result in Rapid Rates of Growth and Sexual Maturation Without Impacting Adult Behavior in the Blind Mexican Cavefish

Zebrafish, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 86 - 94

Published: April 1, 2023

Animal model systems are dependent on the standardization of husbandry protocols that maximize growth and reduce generation time. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as eyed surface blind cave dwelling populations. opportunity for comparative approaches between independently evolved populations has led to rapid A. mexicanus a evolution biomedical research. However, slow inconsistent rate remains major limitation expanded application mexicanus. Fortunately, this temporal can be addressed through changes accelerate rates while maintaining optimal health outcomes. Here, we describe protocol produces in diet, feeding frequency, sorting progressive tank size. This produced robust decreased age sexual maturity comparison our previous protocol. To determine whether impacted behavior, tested fish exploration schooling assays. We found no difference behavior two groups, suggesting increased will not impact natural variation behavioral traits. Taken together, standardized development genetic model.

Language: Английский

---

Lessons from lonely flies: Molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying social isolation

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 105504 - 105504

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Animals respond to changes in the environment which affect their internal state by adapting behaviors. Social isolation is a form of passive environmental stressor that alters animal behaviors across kingdom, including humans, rodents, and fruit flies. known increase violence, disrupt sleep depression leading poor mental physical health. Recent evidence from several model organisms suggests social leads remodeling transcriptional epigenetic landscape behavioral outcomes. In this review, we explore how manipulating experience fly Drosophila melanogaster can shed light on molecular neuronal mechanisms underlying driven We discuss recent advances made using powerful genetic toolkit assays uncover role neuromodulators, sensory modalities, pheromones, circuits mediating isolation. The insights gained these studies could be crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions future.

Language: Английский

---

Structural enrichment promotes natural behaviour and welfare of captive gilthead seabream broodstock

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 106289 - 106289

Published: May 14, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Current Methods to Investigate Nociception and Pain in Zebrafish

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 8, 2021

Pain is an unpleasant, negative emotion and its debilitating effects are complex to manage. Mammalian models have long dominated research on nociception pain, but there increasing evidence for comparable processes in fish. The need improve existing pain drug the obligation 3R refinement of fish procedures facilitated development numerous new assays zebrafish already a well-established animal model many other areas like toxicity testing, as diseases or regeneration has great potential research, too. Methods electrophysiology, molecular biology, analysis reflexive non-reflexive behavior fluorescent imaging routinely applied it combination these tools what makes so powerful. Simultaneously, observing free-swimming larvae, well their neuronal activity at cellular level, opens avenues research. This review aims supply toolbox researchers by summarizing current methods study zebrafish. We identify treatments with best algogenic potential, be chemical, thermal electric stimuli discuss options analgesia counter opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) local anesthetics. In addition, we critically evaluate practices, gaps knowledge outline future developments.

Language: Английский

---