Interplay of oxidative stress, cellular communication and signaling pathways in cancer

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Cancer remains a significant global public health concern, with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Oxidative stress, characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, plays critical role in development cancer affecting genomic stability signaling pathways cellular microenvironment. Elevated levels ROS disrupt homeostasis contribute to loss normal functions, which are associated initiation progression various types cancer. In this review, we have focused on elucidating downstream that influenced oxidative stress carcinogenesis. These include p53, Keap1-NRF2, RB1, p21, APC, tumor suppressor genes, cell type transitions. Dysregulation these can lead uncontrolled growth, impaired DNA repair mechanisms, evasion death, all hallmark features development. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting emerged as area investigation for molecular biologists. The objective is limit response time cancer, including liver, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung cancers. By modulating redox balance restoring homeostasis, it may be possible mitigate damaging effects enhance efficacy treatments. targeted therapies interventions specifically address impact holds great promise improving patient outcomes. approaches antioxidant-based treatments, redox-modulating agents, restore function affected stress. summary, understanding carcinogenesis process through therapeutic utmost importance combating Further research needed unravel complex mechanisms underlying stress-related develop effective translated into clinical applications management treatment

Language: Английский

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Lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide: Formation, immunomodulatory ability, health effects, and structure-function relationship

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 127432 - 127432

Published: June 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as significant contributing factor. It involves the activation microglia and astrocytes, leading release pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines infiltration peripheral leukocytes into central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin protein 3 (NLRP3) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways decreased erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due limited effectiveness regarding inhibition neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth search for innovative therapies alleviating CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling Expression, Cold Exposure, Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise mitigate processes. approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease. While findings are promising, immunomodulatory often face limitations due Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, conduction randomized clinical trials matter mandatory, will pave way promising future development new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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New Insights into Antioxidant Peptides: An Overview of Efficient Screening, Evaluation Models, Molecular Mechanisms, and Applications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Antioxidant peptides are currently a hotspot in food science, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In different fields, the screening, activity evaluation, mechanisms, applications of antioxidant pivotal areas research. Among these topics, efficient screening stands at forefront cutting-edge To this end, with novel technologies has significantly accelerated research process, gradually replacing traditional approach. After screened identified, time-consuming evaluation is another indispensable procedure, especially vivo models. Cellular rodent models have been widely used for whilst non-rodent provide an solution, even potential high-throughput screening. Meanwhile, further molecular mechanisms can elucidate essence underlying activity, which related to several signaling pathways, including Keap1-Nrf2/ARE, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, TGF-β/SMAD, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB. Last but not least, broad manufacture, therapy, cosmetics industry, requires systematic review. This review introduces peptides, categorized new vision. A wide range assays, encompassing cellular models, as well provided comprehensive manner. addition, recent advances analyzed specific cases. Finally, production, systematically reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis mechanisms and regulations in cardiovascular diseases in the past, present, and future

Cell Biology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main that endanger human health, and their risk factors contribute to high morbidity a rate of hospitalization. Cell death is most important pathophysiology in CVDs. As one cell mechanisms, ferroptosis new form regulated (RCD) broadly participates CVDs (such as myocardial infarction, heart transplantation, atherosclerosis, failure, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy (radiation-induced cardiomyopathy, diabetes sepsis-induced cardiac doxorubicin-induced iron overload hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), pulmonary arterial hypertension), involving regulation, metabolic mechanism lipid peroxidation. This article reviews recent research on regulation its relationship with occurrence treatment CVDs, aiming provide ideas targets for clinical diagnosis by clarifying latest progress research. Graphical • The identification, development history characterization ferroptosis. role different subcellular organelles organelle-specific regulators includes metabolism, amino acid metabolism. cardiovascular cells diseases. efficacy pathological involved

Language: Английский

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Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common pathological conditions impacting central nervous system (CNS). A neurological deficit associated with TBI results from a complex pathogenetic mechanisms including glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation, demyelination, programmed cell death, or development edema. The critical components contributing to CNS response, damage control, and regeneration after are glial cells–in reaction tissue damage, their activation, hypertrophy, proliferation occur, followed by formation scar. scar creates barrier in damaged helps protect acute phase post-injury. However, this process prevents complete recovery late/chronic producing permanent scarring, which significantly impacts function. Various types participate formation, but mostly attributed reactive astrocytes microglia, play important roles several pathologies. Novel technologies whole-genome transcriptomic epigenomic analyses, unbiased proteomics, show that both microglia represent groups heterogenic subpopulations different genomic functional characteristics, responsible for role neurodegeneration, neuroprotection regeneration. Depending on representation distinct glia subpopulations, as well regenerative processes delayed neurodegeneration may thus differ nearby remote areas structures. This review summarizes process, where resultant effect severity-, region- time-dependent determined model distance explored area lesion site. Here, we also discuss findings concerning intercellular signaling, long-term possibilities novel therapeutical approaches. We believe comprehensive study an emphasis cells, involved post-injury processes, be helpful further research decisive factor when choosing model.

Language: Английский

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N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases—Repurposing an Old Antioxidant

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1316 - 1316

Published: June 21, 2023

N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine and, thereby, glutathione (GSH), acts as an antioxidant through variety mechanisms, including oxidant scavenging, GSH replenishment, signaling, etc. Owing to the proposed targets, NAC has long history use prescription product and in wide-ranging applications that are off-label over-the-counter (OTC) product. Despite its discovery early 1960s development for various indications, systematic clinical pharmacology explorations pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic drug interactions, dose-ranging sorely limited. Although there anecdotal instances benefits diseases, comprehensive review rare diseases does not exist. In this review, we attempt summarize existing literature focused on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction along with usage, approved mechanisms action, safety, PK characterization. Further, introduce research currently underway other structural derivatives acknowledge continuum efforts pre-clinical facilitate further therapeutic or diseases.

Language: Английский

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Carotenoids in Health as Studied by Omics-Related Endpoints

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1538 - 1578

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Carotenoids have been associated with risk reduction for several chronic diseases, including the association of their dietary intake/circulating levels reduced incidence obesity, type 2 diabetes, certain types cancer, and even lower total mortality. In addition to some carotenoids constituting vitamin A precursors, they are implicated in potential antioxidant effects pathways related inflammation oxidative stress, transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB erythroid 2-related 2. metabolites may also interact receptors, mainly retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated which play a role immune system cellular differentiation. Therefore, large number downstream targets likely influenced by carotenoids, but not limited genes proteins stress inflammation, antioxidation, differentiation processes. Furthermore, recent studies propose an between carotenoid intake gut microbiota. While all these endpoints could be individually assessed, more complete/integrative way determine multitude health-related aspects includes (multi)omics-related techniques, especially transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, well metagenomics, measured variety biospecimens plasma, urine, stool, white blood cells, or other tissue extracts. this review, we highlight use omics technologies assess mammalian organisms models.

Language: Английский

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Role of Perilipins in Oxidative Stress—Implications for Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 209 - 209

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Oxidative stress is the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in a cell. In heart, oxidative may deteriorate calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, enhance maladaptive cardiac remodeling by induction hypertrophic apoptotic signaling pathways. Consequently, dysregulated ROS have been implicated numerous diseases, including heart failure, ischemia–reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved intracellular organelles that enable safe stable storage neutral lipids within cytosol. LDs coated with proteins, perilipins (Plins) being one most abundant. this review, we will discuss interplay Plins. Indeed, Plins increasingly recognized for playing critical role beyond energy metabolism lipid handling. Numerous reports suggest an essential purpose LD biogenesis to alleviate cellular stress, such as stress. Given yet unmet suitability targets intervention cardiovascular disease, endogenous antioxidant capacity be beneficial.

Language: Английский

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Selenium Lessens Osteoarthritis by Protecting Articular Chondrocytes from Oxidative Damage through Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2511 - 2511

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes joint pain and disability due to the abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chondrocytes, leading cell death cartilage matrix destruction. Selenium (Se) intake can protect cells against oxidative damage. It is still unknown whether Se supplementation beneficial for OA. This study investigated effects on sodium iodoacetate (MIA)-imitated OA progress human chondrocyte line (SW1353 cells) rats. The results showed that 0.3 μM treatment could SW1353 from MIA-induced damage by Nrf2 pathway promoting gene expression glutathione-synthesis-related enzymes such as glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, modifier glutathione synthetase. In addition, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, reductase expressions are also elevated eliminate excessive ROS production. Moreover, downregulate NF-κB, a decrease cytokines, proteases, glycosaminoglycans. rats, loss was lessened after 2 weeks oral gavage; meanwhile, synthesis increased, pro-inflammatory were decreased. These suggest its decreasing enhancing antioxidant capacity reducing inflammation.

Language: Английский

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