Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 394 - 394

Published: March 25, 2024

Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, all can trigger apoptosis senescence. also induces aging-related diseases, such retinal disease, neurodegenerative osteoarthritis, cardiovascular cancer, ovarian prostate disease. In this review, we aim introduce multiple internal external triggers mediate ROS levels rodents humans well relationship between OS, aging, diseases. Finally, present statistical analysis effective antioxidant measures currently being developed applied field aging research.

Language: Английский

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Food-Derived Micronutrients as Alleviators of Age-Related Dysfunction: A Dive into Their Effects and Cellular Mechanisms

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Dysbiosis in Common Skin Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 1984 - 1984

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Dermatoses are an increasingly common problem, particularly in developed countries. The causes of this phenomenon include genetic factors and environmental elements. More more scientific reports suggest that the gut microbiome, specifically its dysbiosis, also plays important role induction progression diseases, including dermatological diseases. microbiome is recognised as largest endocrine organ, has a key function maintaining human homeostasis. In review, authors will take close look at link between gut-skin axis pathogenesis dermatoses such atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, acne. focus on probiotics remodelling alleviation dermatoses.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Complex Immunopathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5652 - 5652

Published: May 22, 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder in which the proximal hair follicle (HF) attack results non-scarring partial to total scalp or body loss. Despite growing knowledge about AA, its exact cause still needs be understood. However, immunity and genetic factors are affirmed critical AA development. While genome-wide association studies proved innate acquired involvement, mouse models implicated IFN-γ- cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune response as main drivers of disease pathogenesis. The loss caused by inflammation HF area, disturbing function disrupting growth cycle without destroying follicle. Thus, privilege, autoimmune destruction mediated mechanisms, upregulation inflammatory pathways play a crucial role. associated with concurrent systemic disorders such atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, thyroiditis. Likewise, patient’s quality life (QoL) significantly impaired morphologic disfigurement illness. patients experience negative impact on psychological well-being self-esteem may more likely suffer from psychiatric comorbidities. This manuscript aims present latest pathogenesis involves genetic, epigenetic, immunological, environmental factors, particular emphasis immunopathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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TRPM2‐dependent autophagy inhibition exacerbates oxidative stress‐induced CXCL16 secretion by keratinocytes in vitiligo

The Journal of Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 262(4), P. 441 - 453

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Vitiligo is a depigmented skin disease due to the destruction of melanocytes. Under oxidative stress, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) plays critical role in recruiting CD8 + T cells, which kill Autophagy serves as protective cell survival mechanism and impairment autophagy has been linked increased secretion proinflammatory cytokines. However, CXCL16 under stress not investigated. Herein, we initially found that was suppressed both keratinocytes vitiligo lesions exposed vitro . inhibition also promoted secretion. Furthermore, upregulated transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2) functioned an upstream sensor inhibit autophagy. Moreover, TRPM2‐mediated Ca 2+ influx activated calpain shear related 5 (Atg5) Atg12–Atg5 conjugate formation blocked stress. More importantly, Atg5 downregulation enhanced binding interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) promoter region by activating Tank‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1), thus promoting These findings suggested TRPM2‐restrained promotes via Atg5‐TBK1‐IRF3 signaling pathway Inhibition TRPM2 may serve target for treatment vitiligo. © 2024 The Pathological Society Great Britain Ireland.

Language: Английский

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The multifaceted role of autophagy in skin autoimmune disorders: a guardian or culprit?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 16, 2024

Autophagy is a cellular process that functions to maintain intracellular homeostasis via the degradation and recycling of defective organelles or damaged proteins. This dynamic mechanism participates in various biological processes, such as regulation differentiation, proliferation, survival, modulation inflammation immune responses. Recent evidence has demonstrated involvement polymorphisms autophagy-related genes skin autoimmune diseases. In addition, autophagy, along with proteins, also contributes maintenance skin, which associated disorders. review aims provide an overview multifaceted role autophagy diseases shed light on potential autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies dermatology.

Language: Английский

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Cytokine-Targeting Biologic Therapies for Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanism of Action, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Events

Biologics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 11 - 11

Published: April 9, 2025

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease affecting 2% of the global population, often causing localized scalp hair loss that can progress to alopecia totalis or universalis. While corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors are effective, their significant side effects highlight need for safer, more targeted treatments. Recently, biologics have gained attention as potential treatments AA. Methods: A review clinical trials, case series, reports published on PubMed was conducted assess efficacy cytokine-targeting treatment Data mechanism action, outcomes, safety were extracted analyzed. Results: Cytokine-targeting identified included Dupilumab, Secukinumab, Tralokinumab, Etanercept, Ustekinumab, Infliximab, Adalimumab, Tildrakizumab. Dupilumab ustekinumab demonstrated strong efficacy, with dupilumab showing regrowth in 89% cases all patients. Tralokinumab a 33.75% improvement, no patients achieving SALT50. Limited observed secukinumab, tildrakizumab, adalimumab, 71.4%, 77.8%, 50% patients, respectively, response. Disease worsening who received etanercept (29%) infliximab (50%). Conclusions: Further research necessary optimize protocols, identify predictive biomarkers, and, crucially, discover novel effective cytokine targets advance cornerstone therapy

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Efficacy of Water-Soluble Fraction of Rhus semialata Gall Extract and Penta-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose on Mitigation of Hair Loss: An In Vitro and Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 477 - 477

Published: April 16, 2025

Hair loss, a prevalent condition affecting individuals across various demographics, is associated with hormonal imbalances, oxidative stress, inflammation, and environmental factors. This study evaluated the anti-hair loss potential of water-soluble fraction Rhus semialata gall extract (WRGE) its primary component, Penta-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucose (PGG), through both in vitro clinical studies. WRGE was obtained using standardized extraction process, PGG identified via HPLC-DAD HRESIMS/MS techniques. Human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) are specialized fibroblasts that can regulate hair growth cycle follicle growth. HDPCs widely used research focused on loss. In this study, effects were confirmed. enhance cell proliferation HDPCs. These results activation Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway upregulation factors such as vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast (FGF). Furthermore, significantly inhibited dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-mediated DKK-1 secretion H2O2-medicated cytotoxicity. Clinical trials further validated these results, demonstrating significant improvements density visual appearance scores participants treated compared to placebo group. collectively suggest may serve promising natural agents for prevention treatment by targeting multiple biological pathways, including regulation factors, imbalances.

Language: Английский

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Roles of blood metabolites in mediating the relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune diseases: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 112132 - 112132

Published: April 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dissecting hair breakage in alopecia areata: the central role of dysregulated cysteine homeostasis

Amino Acids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: May 21, 2024

Abstract In the initial stages of Alopecia Areata (AA), predominance hair breakage or exclamation mark hairs serves as vital indicators disease activity. These signs are non-invasive and commonly employed in dermatoscopic examinations. Despite their clinical salience, underlying etiology precipitating this remains largely uncharted territory. Our exhaustive review existing literature points to a pivotal role for cysteine—a key amino acid central growth—in these mechanisms. This will probe deliberate upon implications aberrant cysteine metabolism pathogenesis AA. It examine potential intersections with autophagy, ferroptosis, immunity, psychiatric manifestations associated Such exploration could illuminate new facets disease's pathophysiology, potentially paving way innovative therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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