Food-Derived Micronutrients as Alleviators of Age-Related Dysfunction: A Dive into Their Effects and Cellular Mechanisms

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Nanozymes for Engineered Cascade Catalytic Cancer Therapy

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Nanozymes have shown significant potential in cancer catalytic therapy by strategically catalyzing tumor-associated substances and metabolites into toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) situ, thereby inducing oxidative stress promoting cell death. However, within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), rational design of nanozymes factors like activity, reaction substrates, TME itself significantly influence efficiency ROS generation. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on exploring that affect activity developing nanozyme-based cascade systems, which can trigger two or more processes tumors, producing therapeutic achieving efficient stable with minimal side effects. This area remarkable progress. Perspective provides a comprehensive overview nanozymes, covering their classification fundamentals. The regulation nanozyme strategies are discussed detail. Furthermore, representative paradigms for successful construction systems treatment summarized focus revealing underlying mechanisms. Finally, we current challenges future prospects development biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cerebral Ischemia: Advances in Pharmacological Interventions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 108 - 108

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

The study of mitochondrial dysfunction has become increasingly pivotal in elucidating the pathophysiology various cerebral pathologies, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy metabolism, regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and execution apoptotic processes. Disruptions function, driven by factors such as oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, altered ion balance, lead to neuronal death contribute cognitive impairments several brain diseases. Mitochondrial can arise from genetic mutations, ischemic events, hypoxia, other environmental factors. This article highlights critical role progression diseases discusses need targeted therapeutic strategies attenuate damage, restore enhance neuroprotection.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial DNA leakage: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal instigator of neuroinflammation, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage as critical intermediary. This review delineates the intricate pathways leading to mtDNA release, which include membrane permeabilization, vesicular trafficking, disruption homeostatic regulation, and abnormalities in dynamics. The escaped activates cytosolic sensors, especially cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) signalling inflammasome, initiating neuroinflammatory cascades via pathways, exacerbating spectrum neurological pathologies. therapeutic promise targeting discussed detail, underscoring necessity for multifaceted strategy that encompasses preservation homeostasis, prevention leakage, reestablishment dynamics, inhibition activation sensors. Advancing our understanding complex interplay between neuroinflammation imperative developing precision interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Curcumin nanoparticles alleviate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in γ-irradiated rats

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Despite the diverse applications of γ radiation in radiotherapy, industrial processes, and sterilization, it causes hazardous effects on living organisms, such as cellular senescence, persistent cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated efficacy curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) mitigating dysfunction senescence induced by rat brain tissues. Four groups male Wistar albino rats (n = 8 per group) were included: (Gr1) control group; (Gr2) CNPs group (healthy receiving oral administration at a dose 10 mg/kg/day, three times week for eight weeks); (Gr3) irradiated (rats exposed to single Gy head irradiation); (Gr4) + (irradiated treated with CNPs). The data obtained demonstrated that weeks attenuated oxidative stress γ-irradiated lowering brain's lipid peroxidation level [malondialdehyde (MDA)] enhancing antioxidant markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), total capacity (TAC)] (P < 0.05). In addition, significantly increased function improving complex I, II, ATP production levels compared group. rats, also showed anti-neuroinflammatory reducing interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) Moreover, administered β-galactosidase activity expression p53, p21, p16 genes 0.05) while concurrently inducing significant increase AMPK mRNA conclusion, ameliorated neurotoxicity hold promise novel agent delay via their combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial-enhancing properties.

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Enzymatic and Computational Assessments of Pyrazole–Isatin and Pyrazole–Indole Conjugates as Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Arthritic, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 293 - 293

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: Recently, the prevalence of diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, and inflammatory diseases, along with their complications, has become a significant health problem. This is in addition to various biomedical applications pyrazole, isatin, indole derivatives. Accordingly, cooperation will continue between chemistry scientists, pharmaceutical human doctors produce hybrid compounds from pyrazole isatin or possessing biological activities anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory agents. Methods: The two series pyrazole–isatin conjugates 12a–h pyrazole–indole 14a–d were prepared our previous works via direct reaction 5-amino-pyrazoles 10a–d N-alkyl 11a,b, 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (13), respectively, using previously reported procedure. potential agents assessed through estimated inhibition percentage (%) median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) methods described literature. Further, computational assessments toxic doses (the lethal dose, LD50), toxicity classes, drug-likeness model scores (DLMS), molecular lipophilicity (MLP) maps, polar surface area (PSA) topological (TPSA) values predicted available free websites. Results: vitro enzymatic assessment results showed that conjugate 14b possesses powerful against (i) α-amylase (% = 65.74 ± 0.23, IC50 4.21 0.03 µg/mL) α-glucosidase 55.49 2.76 0.01 µg/mL); (ii) protein denaturation enzyme 49.30 0.17) proteinase 46.55 an value 6.77 µg/mL; (iii) COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX enzymes 5.44 0.03, 5.37 0.04, 7.52 which almost close indomethacin zileuton drugs. Also, lipophilic properties thus can cross cell membranes, effective for treatment; all possess TPSA more than 140 Å2 good intestinal absorption. Conclusions: synthesized works. these concluded studied results. In future, research team present vitro, vivo biological, hopefully obtain effectual anti-inflammatory.

Language: Английский

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Aging, Cancer, and Inflammation: The Telomerase Connection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8542 - 8542

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Understanding the complex dynamics of telomere biology is important in strong link between aging and cancer. Telomeres, protective caps at end chromosomes, are central players this connection. While their gradual shortening due to replication limits tumors expansion by triggering DNA repair mechanisms, it also promotes oncogenic changes within thus sustaining tumorigenesis. The enzyme telomerase, responsible for maintaining length, emerges as a player context. Its expression cancer cells facilitates preservation telomeres, allowing them circumvent growth-limiting effects short telomeres. Interestingly, influence telomerase extends beyond maintenance, evidenced its involvement promoting cell growth through alternative pathways. In context, inflammation accelerates shortening, resulting dysfunction, while elements play role modulating inflammatory response. recognition interplay has promoted development novel therapeutic approaches centered around inhibition. This review provides comprehensive overview field, emphasizing recent progress knowledge implications understanding biology.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 862 - 862

Published: July 18, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) as main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition considered trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features include phosphorylation tau protein, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction. These consequences tend to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in dysregulation various signaling pathways neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. The relationship between Aβ cascade stress pathogenesis like “chicken egg” story, with etiology regarding these two factors remaining question “which comes first.” However, this review, we have tried our best clarify interconnection mechanisms show precise cause-and-effect relationship. Based on above hallmarks AD, several therapeutic strategies using natural antioxidants, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines are employed anti-Aβ therapy decrease ROS, burden, chronic neuroinflammation, synaptic failure. antioxidants immunotherapeutics demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects symptomatic relief vitro vivo models, well trials AD. none them received final approval enter drug market mitigating In extensively elaborate pitfalls, assurances, important crosstalk concerning current therapy. Additionally, discuss future development more Aβ-targeted approaches optimization treatment mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Co-delivery of antioxidants and siRNA-VEGF: promising treatment for age-related macular degeneration

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Functional Properties and Potential Applications of Wheat Bran Extracts in Food and Cosmetics: A Review of Antioxidant, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Anti-Aging Benefits

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 515 - 515

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

This review examines existing studies on wheat bran extracts (WBEs) to provide an overview of their functional properties, including antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities, highlighting potential as natural alternatives for applications in both the food cosmetic industries. Despite variations extraction techniques, WBEs consistently demonstrated a significant presence phenolic compounds activity. In industry, are valued nutritional richness, dietary fiber, proteins, bioactive such arabinoxylans. These improve texture, stability, baking properties. Additionally, have antimicrobial potential, enhanced product quality, serve preservatives. Furthermore, exhibit inhibitory effects against collagenase elastase, suggesting promising anti-aging potential. cosmetics sector, gained attention due emulsion skin-whitening effects, capacities. They enhance stability emulsions, skin hydration, inhibit enzymes linked aging, positioning potentially synthetic ingredients skincare products. Our recent pilot study also supports that defenses oxidative stress rats, role interventions. To further elucidate efficacy bioavailability beneficial applications, more comprehensive vivo required future.

Language: Английский

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