Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 560 - 560

Published: March 1, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It well known that female competence depends on the dynamic regulation hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption this highly regulated system leads to fertility problems. Among disruptors, both oxidative stress and inflammation contribute an increased LH-FSH ratio consequent hyperandrogenism. Shifts in bidirectional interplay between neuroendocrine oxidative/inflammatory homeostasis result accumulation reactive oxygen/nitrogen species inflammatory markers as alterations antioxidant defense mechanisms. Evidence shows lifestyle changes, including regular physical exercise, are recognized most effective first-line management reduce severity PCOS symptoms. The aim our narrative review provide insights into mechanisms target factors PCOS-related hormonal oxidative/antioxidant homeostasis, inflammation, discuss effects which takes account various factors, relation PCOS. A better understanding PCOS-associated circuits, exercise-induced action those targets may improve quality life women

Language: Английский

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Abdominal Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Relationship with Diet, Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3652 - 3652

Published: Aug. 20, 2023

Abdominal obesity is a common feature of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and it known to exacerbate insulin resistance (IR). Improper dietary physical activity patterns are crucial environmental factors involved in the development obesity, they can significantly influence central deposition adipose tissue. Therefore, this cross-sectional study, we aimed evaluate relationship between abdominal adiposity (measured by VAT (visceral tissue), SAT (subcutaneous VAT/SAT ratio subcutaneous fat ratio), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio)) prevalence odds ratios IR homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) leptin adiponectin (L/A 56 PCOS women. Furthermore, investigated these indices diet activity. An original food frequency questionnaire Actigraph GT3X-BT were used assess adherence recommended level activity, respectively. We observed higher among VAT, VAT/SAT, values compared normal those indices. Moreover, seemed be best predictor measured HOMA-IR HOMA-AD. However, appeared strongest L/A ratio. also that levels vigorous associated lower accumulation greater chance their values. Our findings indicate increases supports beneficial role management

Language: Английский

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Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in female and male fertility

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e29752 - e29752

Published: April 17, 2024

Oxidative stress refers to a condition where there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their removal by antioxidants. While function as specific second messengers under physiological conditions necessary, overproduction can lead numerous instances cell tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) master regulator many cytoprotective genes that respond redox stresses. Nrf2 regularly degraded kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The complex have attracted attention in both basic clinical infertility research fields. implicated pathogenesis female infertility, including primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic syndrome, endometriosis, well male namely varicocele, cryptorchidism, spermatic cord torsion, orchitis. Most scientists believe potential therapeutic method disorders due its antioxidant effect. Here, roles oxidative are reviewed. Moreover, key role inhibition or induction these diseases discussed.

Language: Английский

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Fisetin mitigates letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: crosstalk of AMPK/PI3K/AKT-mediated-Nrf2 antioxidant defense mechanism and the inflammasome NLRP3/NF-κB P65/IL-1β signaling pathways

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 397(10), P. 8077 - 8088

Published: May 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress and energy metabolism abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, is often regarded primary cause of anovulatory infertility in women. The pathogenesis PCOS complex influenced by multiple factors. Emerging evidence highlights that energy metabolism dysfunction oxidative stress granulosa cells (GCs) are pivotal contributors to aberrant follicular development impaired fertility patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction, increased stress, disrupted glucose frequently observed individuals with PCOS, collectively leading compromised oocyte quality. This review delves into the mechanisms linking abnormalities analyzing their adverse effects on reproductive function. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies mitigate disturbances proposed, providing theoretical basis for advancing clinical management PCOS.

Language: Английский

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Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Inonotus obliquus Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Downregulating TNF-α and Interleukin-6

Journal of Food Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 17

Published: May 21, 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder with multifactorial etiology pathogenesis. These intrinsic physiological changes cause anovulation, infertility, miscarriage in women exacerbate their chances of becoming hyperlipidemic diabetic. Inonotus obliquus has been used traditionally for infertility problems. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects aqueous ethanolic extract (AEIO) female rats letrozole-induced PCOS, along determination its possible mechanism. HPLC analysis revealed presence gallic acid, chlorogenic rutin, p -coumaric, benzoic quercetin, salicylic kaempferol. Thirty albino were acquired divided into two groups (5 + 25) induce PCOS. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was disease 7 weeks (25 rats) except normal control rats). confirmed by vaginal smear cytology, weight gain, endocrinopathy. After induction, five (five each group; control, metformin 20 mg/kg, AEIO 100, 300, 500 mg/kg). completion study, animals euthanized under influence anesthesia (chloroform). Ovaries removed histopathology, liver evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers, blood samples collected biochemical evaluation. Ovarian histopathology showed an abnormal architecture cystic follicles granulosa cells. Interestingly, treatment restored histology primary, growing, developing follicles. conducting hormonal analysis, it found that induction PCOS led significant increase (p < 0.001) luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin, testosterone levels, while levels follicle-stimulating (FSH) decreased. However, at doses 100–500 mg/kg these normal. also resulted lipid peroxidation significantly decreasing antioxidant enzymatic markers (SOD, CAT, GSH) increasing (MDA). superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), reduced level malondialdehyde In conclusion, phytochemicals (gallic kaempferol) rich alleviated symptomatology through modulating eliminating low-grade inflammation downregulating expression NF- κ B associated TNF- α IL-6.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modulation of metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gynecological Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: June 25, 2023

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplementation with a combination antioxidants (lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin B6, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine) for modulation metabolic, endocrine, clinical parameters in comparison oral contraception non-diabetic women newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods This was prospective, partially randomized, multicenter study which PCOS were recruited under routine practice conditions distributed three groups to receive following regimen 6 months: 1) antioxidant (MN group); 2) (OC or 3) + OC group). General recommendation healthy diet regular exercise given all patients. Metabolic, clinical, quality life recorded at baseline after months therapy.Results A total 96 included study. After treatment, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level reduced only MN group, significant mean reduction −0.92 points. Androstenedione significantly groups. Clinical that improved hirsutism, acne, irregular menstruation, life, no statistical differences between groups.Conclusions showed might be suitable therapy patients when contraceptive is not indicated, because parameters, menstruation as well androstenedione difference

Language: Английский

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Bilirubin Concentration in Follicular Fluid Is Increased in Infertile Females, Correlates with Decreased Antioxidant Levels and Increased Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Negatively Affects Outcome Measures of In Vitro Fertilization

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10707 - 10707

Published: June 27, 2023

In a previous study, we showed that various low-molecular-weight compounds in follicular fluid (FF) samples of control fertile females (CFF) have different concentrations compared to those found FF infertile (IF), before and after their categorization into subgroups, according clinical diagnosis infertility. Using the same this here analyzed free bound bilirubin results obtained CFF, IF subgroups (endometriosis, EM, polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS, age-related reduced ovarian reserve, AR-ROR, ROR, genetic infertility, GI unexplained UI). The clearly indicated CFF had lower values free, total respective measured pooled IF. These differences were observed even when categorized UI, with EM PCOS showing highest among six subgroups. ascorbic acid, GSH nitrite + nitrate donors, increased as function decreased acid GSH, nitrate. negatively correlated parameters fertilization procedures (number retrieved oocytes, mature fertilized blastocysts, high-quality blastocysts) pregnancies birth rates. Bilirubin not linked serum thereby strongly suggesting its over production was due higher activity heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), key enzyme responsible for formation, granulosa cells, or cumulus cells oocytes ultimately leading accumulation FF. Since HO-1 is one main enzymatic intracellular mechanisms defense towards external insults (oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation), since correlations oxidative/nitrosative stress these samples, it may reasonably be supposed increase result protracted exposures aforementioned evidently playing relevant roles female

Language: Английский

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Croton hirtus attenuating streptozotocin-induced neuroinflammation in rats

Digital Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 295 - 306

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Croton hirtus (CH) extract against streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. (i) sub-chronic toxicity consisted 24 adult rats either sex weighing from 160 200 g were divided into four groups with six each group. Rats group 1 received Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed saline; 2, 3, and 4 100, 200, 400 mg/kg methanolic CH (MECH) orally by gavage administration for 28 d, respectively. functional observation battery locomotor activity graded as part their neurobehavioral brain regions, including cortex hippocampus, analyzed neuropathological abnormalities. (ii) main research 30 male Wistar g, which five group, control (I), STZ (II), Donepezil (III), MECH (100 mg/kg, IV), (200 V) groups. I citrate buffer DMSO saline 14 d. II via intracerebroventricular injection (3 bilateral ICV-STZ) on days 3 followed III, IV, V [3 mg/(kg·d), p.o.] [100 tested learning memory parameters such Morris water maze (MWM) passive avoidance test (PAT). They sacrificed after completing behavioural experiments; brains harvested estimate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer; caspase-3 evaluated total fluorescence emission spectra; amyloid β (Aβ) levels detected enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay (ELISA); histopathological examination conducted CA1 region hippocampus. results revealed that open field line crossing, rearing, entering middle square, defecating, or urinating did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). show any lesions neuronal cells inflammation both regions compared findings demonstrated STZ-treated showed a significant increase impairment < 0.001), AChE, caspase-3, Aβ (1-40 1-42), LPO increased decrease found SOD 0.001) GSH 0.01). Moreover, damage In contrast, STZ-induced biochemical impairments considerably decreased treatment dose-dependently. prevented deficit induced due antioxidant action. Restoration cholinergic functioning may be cause improvement. Therefore, able treat cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Language: Английский

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