Mitochondria
are
unique
organelles
to
perform
critical
functions
such
as
energy
production,
lipid
oxidation,
calcium
homeostasis,
and
steroid
hormone
synthesis
in
eukaryotic
cells.
The
proper
functioning
of
mitochondria
is
crucial
for
cellular
survival,
bioenergetics.
Mitochondrial
structure
function
maintained
by
the
mitochondrial
quality
control
system,
which
consists
processes
biogenesis,
dynamics
(fusion/fission),
mitophagy,
unfolded
protein
response
UPRMT.
dysfunction
and/or
damage
associated
with
initiation
progression
several
human
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative,
cardiovascular,
age-related
diabetes,
cancer.
Environmental
stress
contaminants
may
exacerbate
sensitivity
causes
dysfunction.
There
growing
evidence
about
impact
nanoplastics
(NPs)
microplastics
(MPs)
on
health
function.
MPs/NPs
were
reported
trigger
oxidative
reactive
oxygen
species
eventually
change
membrane
potential.
can
cross
through
biological
barriers
body
be
internalized
cells,
potentially
altering
dynamics,
bioenergetics,
signaling
pathways,
thus
impacting
metabolism
This
review
states
effects
homeostasis
well
apoptosis
discussed.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 579 - 579
Published: May 8, 2024
Microplastics
(MPs)
are
plastic
particles
between
0.1
and
5000
µm
in
size
that
have
attracted
considerable
attention
from
the
scientific
community
general
public,
as
they
threaten
environment.
contribute
to
various
harmful
effects,
including
lipid
peroxidation,
DNA
damage,
activation
of
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
pathways,
cell
membrane
breakages,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
lysosomal
defects,
inflammation,
apoptosis.
They
affect
cells,
tissues,
organs,
overall
health,
potentially
contributing
conditions
like
cancer
cardiovascular
disease.
pose
a
significant
danger
due
their
widespread
occurrence
food.
In
recent
years,
information
has
emerged
indicating
MPs
can
cause
oxidative
stress
(OS),
known
factor
accelerating
aging
organisms.
This
comprehensive
evaluation
exposed
notable
variability
reported
connection
OS.
work
aims
provide
critical
review
whether
harmfulness
constitute
environmental
contaminants
may
result
OS
through
analysis
research
existing
literature,
well
an
assessment
characteristics
causing
Additionally,
article
covers
analytical
methodology
used
this
field.
The
conclusions
point
necessity
for
further
into
effects
on
Cambridge Prisms Plastics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
Mitochondria
are
unique
organelles
to
perform
critical
functions
such
as
energy
production,
lipid
oxidation,
calcium
homeostasis,
and
steroid
hormone
synthesis
in
eukaryotic
cells.
The
proper
functioning
of
mitochondria
is
crucial
for
cellular
survival,
bioenergetics.
Mitochondrial
structure
function
maintained
by
the
mitochondrial
quality
control
system,
which
consists
processes
biogenesis,
dynamics
(fusion/fission),
mitophagy,
unfolded
protein
response
UPR
MT
.
dysfunction
and/or
damage
associated
with
initiation
progression
several
human
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative,
cardiovascular,
age-related
diabetes,
cancer.
Environmental
stress
contaminants
may
exacerbate
sensitivity
causes
dysfunction.
There
growing
evidence
about
impact
nanoplastics
(NPs)
microplastics
(MPs)
on
health
function.
MPs/NPs
were
reported
trigger
oxidative
reactive
oxygen
species
eventually
change
membrane
potential.
can
cross
through
biological
barriers
body
be
internalized
cells,
potentially
altering
dynamics,
bioenergetics,
signaling
pathways,
thus
impacting
metabolism
This
review
states
effects
homeostasis
well
apoptosis
discussed.
Small
plastic
particles
(microplastic:
less
than
5
mm)
have
gained
significant
attention
in
recent
years
due
to
their
widespread
presence
various
environmental
compartments
and
potential
adverse
effects
on
ecosystems
human
health.
One
area
where
microplastics
been
extensively
utilized
is
the
formulation
of
toiletry
products,
such
as
cosmetics,
personal
care
items,
hygiene
products.
Common
types
include
microbeads,
microfibers,
microgranules,
nanoplastics.
Despite
functional
benefits,
products
has
raised
concerns
about
impact.
Through
routes,
including
product
use,
wastewater
disposal,
eventual
release
into
aquatic
systems,
can
persist
environment
for
extended
periods.
They
accumulate
ecosystems,
potentially
causing
harm
organisms
entering
food
chain.
Moreover,
small
size
adsorbing
toxic
substances
raise
transfer
chemicals
upon
ingestion
or
absorption.
In
response
these
concerns,
regulatory
measures
introduced
many
jurisdictions
mitigate
use
These
involve
banning
restricting
certain
microplastics,
promoting
eco-friendly
alternatives,
implementing
labelling
requirements,
supporting
research
development
efforts
more
sustainable
formulations.
As
awareness
microplastic
pollution
grows,
there
a
pressing
need
innovation
transition
towards
alternatives
that
minimize
eliminate
while
ensuring
safety,
efficacy,
consumer
acceptance
present
chapter,
an
attempt
was
made
overview
application
exploring
purposes,
types,
sources,
implications,
considerations.
Toxicology in Vitro,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
101, P. 105938 - 105938
Published: Sept. 6, 2024
While
many
plastic
additives
show
endocrine
disrupting
properties,
this
has
not
been
studied
for
micro-
and
nanoplastics
(MNPs)
particles
despite
their
ubiquitous
presence
in
humans.
The
objective
of
study
was
to
determine
the
effects
various
sizes
concentrations
polystyrene
(PS)-MNPs
(50-10,000
nm,
0.01-100
μg/mL)
on
estrogen-
androgen
receptor
(ER
AR)
activity
steroidogenesis
vitro.
Fluorescent
(F)PS-MNPs
≤1000
nm
were
internalized
VM7
H295R
cells
FPS-MNPs
≤200
AR-ecoscreen
cells.
displayed
highest
uptake
closer
nucleus
than
other
cell
types.
None
PS-MNPs
tested
affected
ER
or
AR
activity.
In
cells,
caused
some
statistically
significant
changes
hormone
levels,
though
these
showed
no
apparent
concentration
size-dependent
patterns.
Additionally,
a
decrease
estriol
(E3)
with
maximum
37.5
%
(100
μg/mL,
50
nm)
an
increase
gene
expression
oxidative
stress
markers
GPX1
(1.26-fold)
SOD1
(1.23-fold).
Taken
together,
our
data
limited
endocrine-disrupting
properties
Nevertheless
importance
E3
placenta
warrants
further
studies
potential
MNPs
during
pregnancy.
Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 267 - 267
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
With
the
rise
in
global
plastic
production
and
presence
of
waste
environment,
microplastics
are
considered
an
emerging
environmental
contaminant.
Human
exposure
impact
on
human
health
not
well
studied.
Recent
studies
have
observed
tissues
several
noted
toxicity
vitro
vivo
mammalian
models.
We
examined
polystyrene
nano-
increasingly
complex
intestinal
cell
Using
undifferentiated
Caco-2
mono-culture
model,
we
assessed
particle
association,
cytotoxicity,
clearance/retention,
whereas
differentiated
mono-
tri-culture
transwell
models,
membrane
integrity
translocation.
Only
50
nm
500
particles
were
internalized
cells;
however,
no
signs
cellular
at
any
concentrations
tested.
Additionally,
had
barrier
integrity,
but
able
to
cross
basolateral
side,
albeit
attenuated
model
that
a
mucus
layer.
This
study
reduced
some
variability
common
MNPL
testing
across
various
further
is
needed
fully
understand
potential
effects
exposure.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 246 - 246
Published: March 26, 2025
Global
consumption
led
to
increased
and
persistent
plastic
pollution
in
aquatic
environments,
affecting
biota.
Polystyrene
(PS)
is
a
synthetic
polymer
one
of
the
most
widely
used
plastics.
This
study
aims
investigate
acute
chronic
effects
PS
microplastics
on
Cyprinus
carpio
using
an
adapted
OECD
methodology.
For
test,
was
tested
different
particle
sizes
(20,
200,
430
µm),
each
at
concentrations
0,
1,
10,
100
mg
PS/L.
Mortality
clinical
signs
were
monitored
after
96
h
exposure.
No
recorded.
In
mix
particles
µm)
total
concentration
1.2
PS/L
for
75-day
fish
Mortality,
biometric
parameters,
physiological
indices,
antioxidant
enzyme
activities,
including
catalase
(CAT),
glutathione
reductase
(GRed),
S-transferase
(GST),
7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase
(EROD),
lipid
peroxidation
(MDA),
hepatic
enzymes
(alanine
aminotransferase—ALT
aspartate
aminotransferase—AST),
vitellogenin
(VTG),
acetylcholinesterase
(ACh),
assessed.
Fish
exposed
exhibited
40%
change
hepatosomatic
indices
75
days.
Additionally,
induced
oxidative
stress
organs.
CAT
activity
fourfold
intestine,
GRed
thirtyfold
gonads,
GST
doubled
brain.
also
gills
but
not
statistically
significant
compared
control.
Lipid
observed
kidney
(twofold
increase)
detected
intestine;
however,
these
changes
significant.
EROD
by
15%
control
group,
indicating
amplification
expression.
The
ALT
AST
nine
tenfold
VTG
47%,
ACh
showed
more
than
80%
inhibition
brain
muscle.
Furthermore,
overall
protein
expression
intestine
liver
group.
Our
revealed
incidence
severity
microplastic
freshwater
emphasized
urgent
need
prevention,
monitoring,
mitigation
measures
combat
pollution.
