Advances in Research on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Targets and Therapeutic Agents

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13381 - 13381

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifaceted disease with multiple potential complications, the treatment of which can only delay and prolong terminal stage disease, i.e., type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The World Health Organization predicts that will be seventh leading cause death by 2030. Although many antidiabetic medicines have been successfully developed in recent years, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists SGLT-2 inhibitors, single-target drugs are gradually failing to meet therapeutic requirements owing individual variability, diversity pathogenesis, organismal resistance. Therefore, there remains need investigate pathogenesis T2DM more depth, identify targets, provide improved glycemic control solutions. This review presents an overview mechanisms action development latest agents targeting years. It also discusses emerging target-based therapies new targets emerged within last three aim our theoretical basis for further advancement targeted T2DM.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity as Crucial Factors in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 217 - 217

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic worldwide and affects nearly 30% of adult population 10% pediatric population. It estimated that this number will double by 2030. MASLD one leading causes hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, transplantation, as well a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Due to ever-increasing patients, long-term asymptomatic course disease, serious complications, lack preventive programs, insufficient awareness among patients doctors themselves, growing interdisciplinary problem real challenge modern medicine. The main cause an inappropriate lifestyle—inadequate nutrition physical activity, which lead various components metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes—appropriate diet, weight reduction, systematic activity—are also basis prevention treatment MASLD. Hence, in recent years, so much importance has been attached lifestyle medicine, non-pharmacological diseases. narrative review presents possible therapeutic options management best documented available diets used were discussed, focusing on benefits drawbacks Mediterranean, high-protein, ketogenic, intermittent fasting diets. In addition, recommendations regarding activity are summarized.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3120 - 3120

Published: July 12, 2023

The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on sensitivity per se, induced by KDs sensitivity. In this review, we discuss scientific evidence direct mediated glycemic status humans, describing KD's biochemical background underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 61 - 61

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean ketogenic diets in improving metabolic health. The emphasizes importance combining aerobic resistance training as critical approach to reducing fat increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses synergy between diet enhancing parameters role gut microbiota MASLD. paper underscores need holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, health, patient motivation. also long-term benefits minimal risks lifestyle compared side effects pharmacological surgical options. calls personalized treatment strategies, continuous education, further research optimize therapeutic outcomes MASLD management.

Language: Английский

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Common and divergent molecular mechanisms of fasting and ketogenic diets

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 125 - 141

Published: Oct. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 15788 - 15788

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis resolution injury/inflammation. The main include modulation immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes), secretion antimicrobial peptides, transfer mitochondria (Mt) injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) prior exposure deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that therapeutic a variety pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, neurological diseases. One key emerging is improvement mitochondrial tissues enhancing quality control (MQC). Recent advances understanding cellular MQC, biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, fusion, helped uncover how enhance these processes. Specifically, suggested regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent Parkin-dependent Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified from through tunneling nanotubes via microvesicular transport. Combined, improve functions, thereby contributing injury inflammation. Thus, uncovering affect MQC opens new avenues organ injury, transplantation MSC-derived might represent attractive approach.

Language: Английский

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The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Background The effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary manipulation, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), on muscle strength assessment in resistance-training (RT) participants has focused one-repetition maximum test (1-RM). However, a pre-specified 1-RM value during an exercise training program disregards several confounding factors (i.e. sleep, diet, and training-induced fatigue) that affect exerciser's "true" load daily preparedness. We aimed to evaluate 6-week RT control-related variables trained subjects following KD intervention.

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MAFLD)

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 4857 - 4857

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely to be approaching 38% the world's population. It predicted become worse and main cause morbidity mortality due hepatic pathologies. particularly worrying that NAFLD increasingly diagnosed in children closely related, among other conditions, insulin resistance metabolic syndrome. Against this background concern awareness patients with low; one study, almost 96% adult USA were not aware their disease. Thus, studies on therapeutic tools used treat are extremely important. One promising treatment a well-formulated ketogenic diet (KD). aim paper present review available publications current state knowledge effect KD NAFLD. This includes characteristics key factors (from point view regression), which exerts its effects, i.e., reduction body weight, elimination fructose monosaccharides, limitation total carbohydrate intake, anti-inflammatory ketosis state, or modulation gut microbiome metabolome. In context evidence for effectiveness regression NAFLD, also suggests important role taking responsibility one's own health through increasing self-monitoring self-education.

Language: Английский

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The Ketogenic Diet as a Transdiagnostic Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes

Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

This review explores the evidence for using a ketogenic diet as transdiagnostic treatment mental health disorders. We examine biological pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie many neuropsychiatric disorders—such mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose hypometabolism, and glutamate/GABA imbalance—that can be ameliorated by diet. Additionally, literature summarizes clinical trials case reports on various psychiatric Recent research provides may an effective schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, bipolar depression, anxiety disorders, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum somatic eating alcohol use disorder. Many disorders have shared metabolic pathways exacerbate or cause psychopathology. The is not only address but also ameliorate symptoms like anxiety, mania, psychosis, cognitive impairment. These effects suggest has potential to serve non-pharmacological option ease global disease burden of

Language: Английский

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Low Muscle Mass Is Associated with Poorer Glycemic Control and Higher Oxidative Stress in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3167 - 3167

Published: July 17, 2023

Body composition changes that occur during aging, such as loss of lean mass, are unfavorable at metabolic level and they can explain, in part, the appearance certain age-associated diseases type 2 diabetes (T2D). Separately, T2D is associated with an increase oxidative stress (OS) which negatively affects skeletal muscle. Our aim was to study differences clinical nutritional parameters, disease control, OS a cohort older patients classified according amount mass had. We included 100 adults than 65 years T2D. found women low fat-free muscle have worse control. Moreover, percentile present high value OS. The shows presence (LM) geriatric population diagnosed poorer glycemic control greater

Language: Английский

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