Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e00292 - e00292

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Recent advances in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction neurodegenerative diseases have expanded opportunities for neurotherapeutics targeting mitochondria to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression. In this review, we offer a historical account biology disease. Additionally, summarize current knowledge normal physiology pathogenesis dysfunction, disease, therapeutics recent therapeutic advances, as well future directions function. A focus is placed on reactive oxygen species their disruption telomeres effects epigenome. The etiology progression Alzheimer's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's Huntington's are discussed depth. Current clinical trials mitochondria-targeting discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 602 - 602

Published: May 14, 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive derivatives that include free radicals such as superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and hydroxyl (HO•), well non-radical molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [...]

Language: Английский

---

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in cataract development

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 57 - 63

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Purpose of review Oxidative stress plays a central role in cataract pathogenesis, leading cause global blindness. This delves into the oxidative development and key biomarkers – glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) to clarify their functions potential applications predictive diagnostics therapies. Recent findings Antioxidants serve as pivotal markers pathogenesis. GSH affects lens due factors such enzyme depletion altered connexin expression, impairing diffusion. Age-related may hinder transport via channels or an internal microcirculation system. N-acetylcysteine, precursor, shows promise mitigating opacity when applied topically. Additionally, SOD, particularly SOD1, correlates with increased gel formulations have exhibited protective effects against posterior subscapular cataracts. Lastly, lipid peroxidation, MDA 4-HNE, been shown reflect disease severity. Studies suggest link between 4-HNE channel modification, possibly contributing reduced levels. Summary is significant contributor development, underscoring importance antioxidants diagnosis treatment. Notably, depletion, SOD decline, peroxidation are offering promising avenues for both therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 568 - 568

Published: May 4, 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging considered an important contributor AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition environmental agents. Wet can be managed routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for successful management dry form. The toxic carbonyls photo-oxidative degradation accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series events protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, chronic inflammation, which implicated AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants extensively studied promising effect reducing impact stress. This paper reviews pathogenesis, delineates effectiveness dietary nutrition supplements clinical studies, explores pre-clinical studies antioxidant molecules, extracts, formulations their mechanistic insights.

Language: Английский

---

Effects and Mechanisms of Lutein on Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1114 - 1114

Published: Sept. 14, 2024

Aging and age-related diseases are serious public health issues that receiving growing attention from researchers. Lutein has a critical function in the prevention management of these issues. Possible mechanisms mainly include suppressing inflammation oxidative stress, regulating cell activity, modulating levels toxic substances. In this narrative review paper, we sum up most current developments study effects lutein on aging five (age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s osteoporosis), fundamental reviewed. The bioavailability strategies to improve its discussed. This piece work can bring clearer comprehension protective against be also helpful for developing as functional food dietary supplements diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Vitamin D and Sulforaphane Decrease Inflammatory Oxidative Stress and Restore the Markers of Epithelial Integrity in an In Vitro Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6404 - 6404

Published: June 10, 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is strictly linked to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, loss of epithelial barrier integrity, and often with abnormal new blood vessel development. In this study, the retinal cell line ARPE-19 was treated pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) investigate activity vitamin D (VD) sulforaphane (SF) in abating consequences stress inflammation. The administration VD SF lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, abated related expression cytokines interleukin-6 interleukin-8 induced by TGF-β. We evaluated mitochondrial respiration as a source ROS production, we discovered that increased transcription respiratory elements triggered TGF-β prevented SF. model inflamed epithelium, treatment also reduced secretion VEGF, key angiogenic factor, restored markers integrity. Remarkably, all observed biological effects were potentiated co-stimulation two compounds not mediated receptor but rather ERK 1/2 pathway. Altogether, results study reveal powerful synergistic anti-inflammatory lay foundation for future clinical assessment their efficacy AMD.

Language: Английский

---

Gastrodin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced RPE damage by facilitating autophagy and phagocytosis through PPARα-TFEB/CD36 signal pathway

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 224, P. 103 - 116

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Pathophysiology, Drug Targeting Approaches, and Recent Developments in Nanotherapeutics

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(10), P. 1647 - 1647

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

The most prevalent reason for vision impairment in aging inhabitants is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a posterior ocular disease with poor understanding of the anatomic, genetic, and pathophysiological progression disease. Recently, new insights exploring role atrophic changes retinal pigment epithelium, extracellular drusen deposits, lysosomal lipofuscin, various genes have been investigated AMD. Hence, this review explores incidence risk factors AMD, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, complement system, involvement bioactive lipids their angiogenesis. In addition to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy other therapeutic interventions oral kinase inhibitors, photodynamic, gene, antioxidant therapy, well benefits drawbacks AMD treatment options, strategic drug delivery methods, including routes focus on pharmacokinetics, are investigated. Further, recent advancements nanoformulations polymeric lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, etc., intended pros cons too summarized. Therefore, purpose give researchers an pathophysiology, emphasis angiogenesis, function lipids, options. Additionally, options that development system(s) via several can aid advancement choices.

Language: Английский

---

Regulated cell death pathways in the sodium iodate model: Insights and implications for AMD

Experimental Eye Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 109728 - 109728

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

The sodium iodate (NaIO

Language: Английский

---

Role of traditional Chinese medicine in age-related macular degeneration: exploring the gut microbiota’s influence

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative retinopathy, remains unclear. Administration anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, antioxidants, fundus lasers, photodynamic therapy, and transpupillary warming has proven effective in alleviating symptoms; however, these interventions cannot prevent or reverse AMD. Increasing evidence suggests that AMD risk is linked to changes the composition, abundance, diversity gut microbiota (GM). Activation multiple signaling pathways by GM metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, oxysterols, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile (BAs), influences retinal physiology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), known for its multi-component multi-target advantages, can help treat altering composition regulating levels certain substances, such as reducing increasing SCFA BA contents. This review explores correlation between two provide new perspectives on treating with TCM.

Language: Английский

---