The Role of Next-Generation Probiotics in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6755 - 6755

Published: April 4, 2023

Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to be very promising as potential preventive therapeutic agents against obesity. Candidate NGPs such Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Bacteroides uniformis, coprocola, Parabacteroides distasonis, goldsteinii, Hafnia alvei, Odoribacter laneus Christensenella minuta have shown promise in preclinical models of obesity disorders. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation gut flora amelioration intestinal dysbiosis, improvement barrier function, reduction chronic low-grade inflammation peptide secretion. muciniphila alvei already been administered overweight/obese patients with encouraging results. However, safety issues strict regulations should constantly implemented updated. In this review, we aim explore (1) current knowledge regarding NGPs; (2) their utility disorders; (3) profile; (4) individuals overweight/obesity. More large-scale, multicentric longitudinal studies are mandatory its related

Language: Английский

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Liver fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH: from pathophysiology towards diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 101231 - 101231

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Liver fibrosis, as an excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, results from chronic liver injury well persistent activation inflammatory response and fibrogenesis. fibrosis is a major determinant for disease (CLD) progression in the last two decades our understanding on molecular cellular mechanisms underlying fibrogenic CLD has dramatically improved, boosting pre-clinical studies clinical trials designed to find novel therapeutic approaches. From these several critical concepts have emerged, starting reveal complexity pro-fibrotic microenvironment which involves very complex, dynamic interrelated interactions between different hepatic extrahepatic cell populations. This review will offer first recapitulation established pathophysiological basic principles by intentionally focus attention NAFLD/NASH, metabolic-related form with high impact general population emerging leading cause worldwide. NAFLD/NASH-related pro-inflammatory profibrogenic be analysed information cells, mediators signalling pathways taken advantage methodological approaches techniques (single genomics, imaging mass cytometry, vitro two- three-dimensional models, etc.). We next overview recent advancement diagnostic prognostic tools, including serum biomarkers polygenic scores, support analysis biopsies. Finally, this provide current therapies treatment NAFLD/NASH patients.

Language: Английский

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The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 2216 - 2216

Published: March 13, 2023

The gut microbiome can reflect the health condition of entire body. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, major phyla colon, influence diseases related to obesity which are also risk factors for breast cancer. Therefore, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was analyzed in patients with Bacterial extracellular vesicles were extracted from serum cancer healthy controls. Phyla Bacteroidetes using sequencing. Prognostic serological test results correlations F/B ratio. three times lower than In addition, factor cancer, such as fasting glucose, found be used a clue explain underlying mechanisms affecting development

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetic Alterations in Metabolic Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 985 - 985

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Gut dysbiosis, resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiome, can induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to inflammation, DNA damage, activation immune system, and epigenetic alterations critical genes involved metabolic pathways. dysbiosis-induced inflammation also disrupt barrier integrity increase intestinal permeability, which allows gut-derived toxic products enter liver systemic circulation, further triggering oxidative stress, associated with diseases. However, specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, vitamins, modulate stress system through mechanisms, thereby improving function. microbiota diet-induced diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, transfer next generation, involving mechanisms. In this review, we will introduce key that, along dysbiosis ROS, are engaged developing Finally, discuss potential therapeutic interventions dietary modifications, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, may reduce syndrome by altering alterations. summary, review highlights crucial role pathogenesis a particular focus on (including histone methylomics, RNA interference) that prevent or improve

Language: Английский

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NAFLD/MASLD and the Gut–Liver Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Options

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 366 - 366

Published: June 28, 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an emerging threat topublic health. steatohepatitis (NASH) is reported to be the most rapidly rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in western world. Recently, a new term has been proposed: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD). The introduction this terminology sparked debate about interchangeability these terms. pathogenesis NAFLD/MASLD thought multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among factors, alterations gut microbiota dysbiosis have recently garnered significant attention. In context, review will further discuss gut-liver axis, which refers bidirectional interaction between human liver. Additionally, therapeutic potential probiotics, particularly next-generation probiotics genetically engineered bacteria, explored. Moreover, role prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, phages as well fecal transplantation analyzed. Particularly for lean patients with NAFLD/MASLD, who limited treatment options, approaches that modify diversity composition may hold promise. However, due ongoing safety concerns modulate microbiota, large-scale studies are necessary better assess their efficacy treating NAFLD/MASLD.

Language: Английский

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Nuciferine Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(38), P. 12014 - 12028

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Our previous study showed that nuciferine (NF) attenuated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is attributed to a high-fat diet (HFD) through reinforcing intestinal barrier functions, regulating lipid metabolism, and improving inflammation. To clarify whether other mechanisms contribute the anti-NAFLD efficacy of NF, present investigated influence NF on bile acid (BA) metabolism gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. The data demonstrated changed composition colonic BA, particularly elevating conjugated BA non-12OH levels. As shown by downregulated protein levels FXR, FGF15, FGFR4, ASBT upregulated CYP7A1 CYP27A1, inhibited ileal FXR signaling, promoted synthesis, suppressed reabsorption, facilitated fecal excretion. might affect hepatic conjugation, enterohepatic circulation mRNA Fxr, Shp, Baat, Bacs, Bsep, Ntcp, Ibabp, Ostα/β. Meanwhile, regulated microbiota, characterized decreased BSH-producing genus, 7α-dehydroxylation increased taurine metabolism-related genus. Spearman rank correlation analysis implied Colidextribacter, Adlercreutzia, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Eisenbergiella, UCG-005 were robustly associated with particular monomers. In conclusion, our experiment results suggested could exert mitigating effect NAFLD via modulating microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 101833 - 101833

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Effect of Probiotics on Liver Enzymes in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 23, 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become prevalent in recent decades, especially developed countries; yet the approaches for preventing and treating NAFLD are not clear. This study aimed to summarize meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that examined effects probiotics on NAFLD. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web Science, Cochrane Central Library databases up August 2021. All Meta-analysis studies assessing effect function tests [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were included. was conducted using a random-effects model. Sensitivity subgroup analyses also performed. The umbrella covered ten eligible involving 5,162 individuals. Beneficial supplementation revealed ALT (ES = −10.54 IU/L; 95% CI: −12.70, −8.39; p < 0.001; I 2 60.9%, 0.006), AST −10.19 IU/L, 95%CI: −13.08, −7.29, 79.8%, 0.001), GGT −5.88 −7.09, −4.67, 0.009; 0.0%, 0.591) levels. Probiotics have ameliorating ALT, AST, levels patients with Overall, could be recommended as an adjuvant therapeutic method management

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2023 - 2023

Published: Oct. 8, 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. GM has symbiotic relationship with its host fundamental for body homeostasis. not limited to scope GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between other organs, highlighting concept "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from normal composition GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", implicated in pathogenesis various diseases. Only few studies have demonstrated modifications disease phenotypes, it still unknown whether an altered contributes or simply reflects status. Restoration probiotics prebiotics been postulated, evidence effects limited. Prebiotics substrates "selectively utilized by microorganisms, conferring health benefit". This study highlights vital organs demonstrates dysbiosis emergence certain representative Finally, this article focuses on potential as target therapy manipulate presents gaps literature research.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 16502 - 16502

Published: Nov. 19, 2023

Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic diseases. Studying mechanisms its development and developing measures to slow down regress it based on this knowledge seem be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders gut–liver axis have great importance pathogenesis cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions microbiota Bacilli Proteobacteria that are capable bacterial translocation a decreased proportion Clostridia strengthen intestinal barrier, occurs even at pre-cirrhotic stage disease. This leads translocation, process by those microbes enter blood portal vein then tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, produce profibrogenic cytokines, hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts collagen other elements extracellular matrix. Blocking with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, methods could progression fibrosis. was shown number animal models but requires further verification long-term randomized controlled trials humans.

Language: Английский

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