Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 1888 - 1888

Published: July 19, 2023

The intestinal barrier is a precisely regulated semi-permeable physiological structure that absorbs nutrients and protects the internal environment from infiltration of pathological molecules microorganisms. Bile acids are small synthesized cholesterol in liver, secreted into duodenum, transformed to secondary or tertiary bile by gut microbiota. interact with acid receptors (BARs) microbiota, which plays key role maintaining homeostasis barrier. In this review, we summarize discuss recent studies on disorder associated dysfunction related diseases. We focus roles acids, BARs, microbiota triggering dysfunction. Insights for future prevention treatment diseases provided.

Language: Английский

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Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such essential for sustaining host equilibrium, its impact on human health can be altered by variety factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, genetics. Gut microbes’ imbalances are related to chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal have significant role in the formation cardiovascular disease (CVD), which still primary cause fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, some inherited variables all risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, flora, dietary intake. Variations diversity changes their activity thought influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, microbiota acts an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), bile acids, substantial wellness multiple mechanisms. purpose this overview compile current evidence highlighting intricate links microbiota, metabolites, development CVD. It focuses how dysbiosis promotes heart failure, atherosclerosis. This review explores normal physiology potential techniques targeting bacteria treatment using various microbial metabolites. also examines significance treatment, supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, fecal transplantation, innovative approach management As result, metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus attenuate type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 262, P. 130062 - 130062

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bile acids metabolism in the gut-liver axis mediates liver injury during lactation

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 122380 - 122380

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effects of Clostridium tyrobutyricum on Lipid Metabolism, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Gut Microbiota in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 493 - 493

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Obesity and its complications constitute a main threat to global human health. The purpose of this investigation was explore the influences Clostridium tyrobutyricum (Ct) on lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, microbiome in obese mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD). After establishing obesity model, 107 CFU/mL 108 C. were used intervene HFD-fed gavage for six weeks, indexes related measured. In liver mice, results revealed that reduced weight levels triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), along with decreasing red droplets fat vacuoles. intervention, mRNA expression peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) downregulated, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), receptor-α (PPARα), adipose lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive (HSL) upregulated liver. Additionally, alleviated morphology injury caused HFD, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β colon, tight junction expression. addition, 16S rRNA sequencing increases diversity microbiota. Overall, improved HFD-induced metabolism disorders, preserved barrier’s integrity, modulated structure microbiome. These findings provide novel insight into role as probiotic regulating metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1169 - 1169

Published: April 14, 2024

Silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin were considered healthy food agents with tremendous potential to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which they interact gut microbiota exert benefits are largely unknown. After 8 weeks of NAFLD modeling, C57BL/6J mice randomly divided into five groups fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented medium high dose Silybum marianum extract contained silymarin polyherbal silymarin, for 16 weeks, respectively. The untargeted metabolomics 16S rRNA sequencing used molecular exploration. intervention significantly improved steatosis recovered function in mice, accompanied an increase probiotics like Akkermansia Blautia, suppressed Clostridium, related changes bile profile feces serum. Fecal microbiome transplantation confirmed that this alteration its metabolites responsible improvement NAFLD. present study substantiated alterations upon have beneficial effects on HFD-induced hepatic suggested pivotal role amelioration

Language: Английский

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Reversal of cholestatic liver disease by the inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 signaling

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e16744 - e16744

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Aims The objective of this study is to examine the impact inhibiting Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) on liver inflammation, fibrogenesis, and changes gut microbiome in context cholestasis-induced conditions. Methods cholestatic injury model was developed by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated three groups, sham operation, CBDL group JTE-013 treated group. Biochemical histological assessments conducted investigate influence S1PR2 modulation fibrogenic factors inflammatory infiltration. We an analysis fecal using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum acid composition evaluated through utilization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Results In BDL rat model, findings revealed a significant increase serum levels conjugated acids, accompanied overexpression S1PR2. Treatment with specific inhibitor S1PR2, known as JTE-013, resulted range effects rats. These included improvement function, reduction inhibition hepatocyte apoptosis, suppression NETosis. are likely mediated TCA/S1PR2/NOX2/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, administration augmentation diversity bacterial community’s diversity, facilitating proliferation advantageous species while concurrently prevalence detrimental bacteria. Conclusions results our suggest that may have beneficial effect alleviating disease restoring balance intestinal flora.

Language: Английский

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Effects of plant natural products on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and the underlying mechanisms: a narrative review with a focus on the modulation of the gut microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes. However, due to complex pathogenesis MAFLD, there are no officially approved drugs for treatment. Therefore, an urgent need find safe and effective anti-MAFLD drugs. Recently, relationship between gut microbiota MAFLD has been widely recognized, treating regulating may be new therapeutic strategy. Natural products, especially plant natural have attracted much attention treatment their multiple targets pathways few side effects. Moreover, structure function can influenced exposure products. effects products on through targeting underlying mechanisms poorly understood. Based above information address potential role we systematically summarize action prevention microbiota. This narrative review provides feasible ideas further exploration safer more MAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Nuciferine Protects Cochlear Hair Cells from Ferroptosis through Inhibiting NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 714 - 714

Published: June 12, 2024

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug for treating various types of cancers. However, it can cause severe side effects, such as bilateral and irreversible hearing loss, which significantly impacts quality life. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form programmed cell death, has been implicated in the pathogenesis cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Here, we investigated effects nuciferine, natural active ingredient isolated from lotus species, on ferroptosis cochlear hair cells. Firstly, our results demonstrated that nuciferine protect cells against RSL3-induced damage. Secondly, treatment reduced ferrous iron (Fe2+) overload via inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Inhibition ferritinophagy by knocking down Ncoa4 alleviated Importantly, mitigated loss damage to ribbon synapse, improved mouse function acute model. Our findings highlight role ototoxicity provide evidence promising protective agent loss.

Language: Английский

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Structure-activity relationship, bioactivities, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application of nuciferine on inflammation-related diseases

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 106820 - 106820

Published: June 12, 2023

Nuciferine aporphine alkaloid mainly exists in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and is a beneficial to human health, such as anti-obesity, lowering blood lipid, prevention of diabetes cancer, closely associated with inflammation. Importantly, nuciferine may contribute its bioactivities by exerting intense anti-inflammatory activities multiple models. However, no review has summarized the effect nuciferine. This critically information regarding structure-activity relationships dietary Moreover, biological clinical application on inflammation-related diseases, obesity, diabetes, liver, cardiovascular well their potential mechanisms, involving oxidative stress, metabolic signaling, gut microbiota been reviewed. The current work provides better understanding anti-inflammation properties against thereby improving utilization nuciferine-containing plants across functional food medicine.

Language: Английский

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