Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

With the consistent occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, prevalence various ocular complications has increased over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection been shown to have neurotropism and therefore lead not only peripheral inflammatory responses but also neuroinflammation. Because receptor for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), can be found in many intraocular tissues, disease 2019 (COVID-19) may contribute persistent neuroinflammation, microcirculation dysfunction symptoms. Increased awareness neuroinflammation future research on interventional strategies are important improving long-term outcomes, reducing burden, quality life. Therefore, aim this review is focus discuss current evidence perspectives, especially possible connections between conditions potential treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Multi-target drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment and fatigue in post-COVID syndrome: focus on Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea

Journal of Neural Transmission, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131(3), P. 203 - 212

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cognitive impairment, depression and (mental) fatigue represent the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms of post-COVID syndrome. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction have been identified as common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these symptoms. Attempts to treat post-COVID-associated cognitive impairment with different drugs available for other diseases not yet successful. One probable explanation could be that work by one specific mechanism action only in a broad multi-target way. Therefore, they will address spectrum possibly responsible Notably, nearly all currently under investigation syndrome are rather addressing single target instead several pathomechanisms this condition. Contrary approach, herbal often consist many ingredients pharmacological properties targets. might promising approach treatment symptomatic presentation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of drugs, extracts Ginkgo biloba Rhodiola rosea probably best investigated candidates. Their vitro vivo includes anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant well reducing fatigue. In studies, both showed positive effects on physical mental impaired cognition. Moreover, depressive were also reduced some studies. However, even if results promising, data still preliminary require additional proof further

Language: Английский

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Management of cognitive impairment associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome: recommendations for primary care

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 22, 2024

Introduction: Although post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with cognitive impairment is increasingly encountered in primary care, evidence-based recommendations for its appropriate management are lacking. Methods: A systematic literature search evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of associated PCS was conducted. Practical PCS-associated care summarized, based on an evaluation pharmacological plausibility clinical applications. Results: Currently, pathology remains unclear no high-quality data to support targeted interventions. Existing approaches directed towards symptom relief where counseling chronicity disease regular reassessments at 4- 8-week intervals considered reasonable. Patients should be informed encouraged adopt a healthy lifestyle that centers around balanced nutrition physical activities. They may also benefit from intake vitamins, micronutrients, probiotics. The administration Ginkgo biloba extract could offer safe potentially beneficial option. Other non-pharmacological measures include physiotherapy, digitally supported training, and, if indicated, ergotherapy or speech therapy. In most patients, symptoms improve within 8 weeks. If serious, ambiguous, when new occur, specialized diagnostic such as comprehensive neurocognitive testing neuroimaging initiated. Very few patients would require inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: debilitating condition affect daily functioning reduce work productivity. Management multidisciplinary approach, centering physical, cognitive, therapies.

Language: Английский

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The synergistic role of viral infection and immune response in the pathogenesis of facial palsy

Journal of NeuroVirology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2025

Abstract Facial palsy refers to facial muscle paralysis and is typically brought about by viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), zoster (VZV), SARS-CoV-2. While significant progress has been achieved in pathogenesis, mechanisms of infection-immunity synergy are yet be revealed. The authors this article made an attempt fill gap critically summarizing how infection causes inflammation damage the nerve through immune response mechanism pathogenesis. We also summarize current treatment modalities their respective efficacies. set conditions under which infections caused HSV-1, VZV, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, EBV lead viruses infect nerve, initiate response, cause death. impact involved direct invasion neurons, evasion induction neuroinflammation. review discusses primary role T cells, B cells innate inducing or relieving condition. study emphasizes need understand synergic effect immuneresponse foundation creation more potent therapeutic strategies. paper provides a detailed overview complex interaction with level importance regarding future research clinical application.

Language: Английский

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Brain FADE syndrome: the final common pathway of chronic inflammation in neurological disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Importance While the understanding of inflammation in pathogenesis many neurological diseases is now accepted, this special commentary addresses need to study chronic propagation cognitive Fog, Asthenia, and Depression Related Inflammation which we name Brain FADE syndrome. Patients with syndrome fall void between neurology psychiatry because depression, fatigue, fog seen these patients are not idiopathic, but instead due organic, involved disease initiation. Observations A review randomized clinical trials stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, COVID, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s reveal a paucity studies any component as primary endpoint. Furthermore, despite relatively well-accepted notion that critical driving factor pathologies, none have connected or over half suffering from them. Conclusions relevance Syndrome important prevalent examined. Classical “psychiatric medications” insufficient address novel approach utilizes sequential targeting innate adaptive immune responses should be studied.

Language: Английский

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Fast and Sensitive Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Using SiO2@Au@CDs Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip Coupled with Miniaturized Fluorimeter

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1568 - 1568

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

The development of a novel strategy for the measurement SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies is vital significance COVID-19 diagnosis and effect vaccination evaluation. In this investigation, an SiO2@Au@CDs nanoparticle (NP)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip was fabricated coupled with miniaturized fluorimeter. morphology features particle sizes NPs were characterized carefully, results indicated that materials possess monodisperse, uniform, spherical structures. Finally, system employed antibody test. work, test possesses several merits, such as speed (less than 15 min), high sensitivity (1.2 × 10−7 mg/mL), broad linearity range (7.4 10−7~7.4 10−4 accurate results, selectivity, good stability, low cost. Additionally, future trends in LFAs using quantum dot-based diagnostics are envisioned.

Language: Английский

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