Comparing early life nutritional sources and human milk feeding practices: personalized and dynamic nutrition supports infant gut microbiome development and immune system maturation

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 13, 2023

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, but many infants receive pumped milk, formula, donor human or other nutritional sources during this critical period. Substantive evidence shows early nutrition influences development microbiome and immune system, affecting lifelong health. However, underlying mechanisms are unclear nuances milk feeding rarely considered. This review synthesizes from studies model systems to discuss impact different on co-development gut microbiome, antigen tolerance, immunity. We highlight two key mechanisms: epigenetics so-called "weaning reaction". Collectively, highlights i) fundamental role parents' own fed directly at breast, as a dynamic personalized source that drives developmental programming, ii) deficiencies alternative priority research areas improving these alternatives when direct not possible.

Language: Английский

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Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 387 - 387

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Breastfeeding is the best way to provide newborns with crucial nutrients and produce a unique bond between mother child. Breast milk rich in nutritious non-nutritive bioactive components, such as immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, hormones, fatty acids, other constituents. Maternal effects during gestation lactation can alter these influencing offspring outcomes. Chronic inflammatory maternal conditions, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, impact breast composition. from obese mothers exhibits changes fat content, cytokine levels, hormonal concentrations, potentially affecting infant growth health. Similarly, diabetes alters composition of milk, impacting factors metabolic markers. Other pro-inflammatory dyslipidemia syndrome, have been barely studied. Thus, altered tension parameters described modifying its macronutrients important biomolecules, likely offspring’s weight. This review emphasizes chronic conditions on potential implications for development through revision full-access original articles.

Language: Английский

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Potential Epigenetic Effects of Human Milk on Infants’ Neurodevelopment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3614 - 3614

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The advantages of human milk feeding, especially in preterm babies, are well recognized. Infants’ feeding with breast lowers the likelihood developing a diverse range non-communicable diseases later life and it is also associated improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although precise mechanisms through which linked infants’ neurodevelopment still unknown, potential epigenetic effects its bioactive components, including non-coding RNAs, stem cells microbiome, could at least partly explain this association. Micro- long-non-coding enclosed exosomes, as cells, survive digestion, reach circulation can cross blood–brain barrier. Certain RNAs potentially regulate genes implicated brain development function, whereas nestin-positive possibly differentiate into neural or/and act regulators brain. Furthermore, microbiota contributes to establishment infant’s gut via modifications key molecules’ regulation. This narrative review provides an updated analysis relationship between epigenetics, pointing out how milk’s components have impact on both full-term babies.

Language: Английский

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Bovine Colostrum for Veterinary and Human Health Applications: A Critical Review

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 387 - 410

Published: March 27, 2023

Bovine colostrum harbors a diverse array of bioactive components suitable for the development functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with veterinary human health applications. has strong safety profile applications across all age groups promotion amelioration variety disease states. Increased worldwide milk production novel processing technologies have resulted in substantial growth market colostrum-based products. This review provides synopsis bovine colostrum, techniques used to produce high-value products, recent studies utilizing health.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA as a new bioactive component in breast milk

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 520 - 526

Published: July 11, 2023

Breast milk is a complex and multifaceted fluid that plays critical role in the development of infants. It composed water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, as well numerous bioactive compounds such hormones, oligosaccharides, immune proteins. Additionally, breast contains microRNAs, which have been found to regulate gene expression impact various aspects infant development. This text provides an overview components human their importance development, with focus on microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short RNA sequences posttranscriptionally, they play important shaping mechanisms immunity, protecting against oxidative stress, promoting thermogenesis. The composition can vary same mother between different feedings, it changes response factors infant's age, feeding frequency duration, time day, maternal health status. Despite variations composition, still complete nutrition for infant. unique microRNA profiles how affected by significant implications disease prevention treatment. Further research needed better understand functions individual molecules potential therapeutic applications.

Language: Английский

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Human Breast Milk Exosomes: Affecting Factors, Their Possible Health Outcomes, and Future Directions in Dietetics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3519 - 3519

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Background: Human breast milk is a complex biological fluid containing multifaceted compounds that boost immune and metabolic system development support the short- long-term health of newborns. Recent literature suggests human substantial source nutrients, bioactive molecules, exosomes. Objectives: This review examines factors influencing exosomes noted in impacts on infant health. Furthermore, it discusses potential future prospects for exosome research dietetics. Methods: Through narrative existing literature, we focused milk, components their impact Results: Exosomes are single-membrane extracellular vesicles endosomal origin, with an approximate radius 20–200 nm. They natural messengers cells secrete to transport wide range diverse cargoes, including deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic proteins, lipids between various cells. Some studies have reported could be transferred cause epigenetic changes. Thus, can affect gene expression cellular event regulation several tissues. Conclusions: In this manner, associated pathways, system, oxidative stress, cell cycle, they infants. However, there still much learn about functions, effectiveness, certain

Language: Английский

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Pasteurization of human milk affects the miRNA cargo of EVs decreasing its immunomodulatory activity

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract In this report, we evaluated the effect of pasteurization (P) process mother’s own milk (MOM) on miRNA content extracellular vesicles (EVs) and its impact innate immune responses. Differences in size or particle number were not observed upon MOM (PMOM). However, significant differences EV membrane marker CD63 profiles. sequencing identified 33 differentially enriched miRNAs between PMOM . These changes correlated with decreases ability to modulate IL-8 secretion intestinal Caco2 cells where only able decrease presence TNFα. While EVs from both induce a tolerogenic M2-like phenotype THP-1 macrophages, transcript levels IL-10 RNA sensing genes was Together, our data indicates that impacts integrity functionality , decreasing EVs-mediated immunomodulatory activity. This provides biomarkers may be utilized during optimization processing preserve bioactivity.

Language: Английский

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The interaction of breastfeeding and genetic factors on childhood obesity

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology X, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 100334 - 100334

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Childhood obesity represents a pressing global public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and close connection early-life exposure risk factors. The onset of is contingent upon the interplay genetic composition, lifestyle choices, environmental as well nutritional elements encountered during both fetal development early childhood. This paper critically examines research discoveries in this area concisely outlines influence breastfeeding on predispositions associated with childhood obesity. Studies have demonstrated that has potential reduce by impacting anthropometric indicators. Moreover, duration directly correlated degree which it alters Current explorations into link between factors transmitted through breast milk predominantly focus genes like FTO, Leptin, RXRα, PPAR-γ, others. Numerous endeavors suggested an extended period exclusive tied diminished likelihood obesity, particularly if sustained initial six months. also correlates gene methylation, could serve epigenetic mechanism underpinning breastfeeding's preventative against In summary, thorough evaluation presented review underscores intricate nature association breastfeeding, factors, providing valuable insights for future efforts policy formulation.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Feeding in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Growth, Metabolic Control, and Neurodevelopment Outcomes

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT Human milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition for infants. Yet suitability HM macronutrient composition, paired with challenge regulating intake, may deserve some consideration infants inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) requiring restrictive and controlled dietary management. Except classic galactosemia, feeding expected to be feasible, allowing maintain stability, while growing developing optimally. However, information about in nonphenylketonuria (PKU) literature scarce. In this systematic review, 52 studies were included, representing 861 (86% PKU) receiving after IMD diagnosis (mean duration 4–10 months depending on IMD). For non‐PKU IMDs (e.g., other amino acidopathies, urea cycle disorders, organic acidemias, fatty acid oxidation disorders), outcomes available few infants, except medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency ( n = 48). PKU, combined phenylalanine‐free formula, led adequate control (25 studies), growth (15 neurodevelopment (10 studies). IMDs, more evidence required, but limited data suggest that possible, attentive monitoring disease‐specific formula supplementation where applicable. MCAD deficiency, ensuring intake essential, as symptoms frequently reported exclusively breastfed No IMD‐specific articles found relationship between many interest immune status or comorbidity risk later life). With exception benefit IMD. More should published than PKU.

Language: Английский

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