International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(9), P. 8441 - 8441
Published: May 8, 2023
Changes
in
the
DNA
damage
response
(DDR)
and
cellular
metabolism
are
two
important
factors
that
allow
cancer
cells
to
proliferate.
DDR
is
a
set
of
events
which
recognized,
repair
recruited
site
damage,
lesion
repaired,
responses
associated
with
processed.
In
cancer,
commonly
dysregulated,
enzymes
prone
changes
ubiquitination.
Additionally,
metabolism,
especially
glycolysis,
upregulated
cells,
this
metabolic
pathway
modulated
by
The
ubiquitin-proteasome
system
(UPS),
particularly
E3
ligases,
act
as
bridge
between
since
they
regulate
processes.
Hence,
ligases
high
substrate
specificity
considered
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
treating
cancer.
A
number
small
molecule
inhibitors
designed
target
different
components
UPS
have
been
developed,
several
tested
clinical
trials
human
use.
review,
we
discuss
role
ubiquitination
on
overall
confirm
link
them
through
NEDD4,
APC/CCDH1,
FBXW7,
Pellino1.
addition,
present
an
overview
clinically
implications
their
practical
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: July 9, 2021
Abstract
Genomic
instability
is
the
hallmark
of
various
cancers
with
increasing
accumulation
DNA
damage.
The
application
radiotherapy
and
chemotherapy
in
cancer
treatment
typically
based
on
this
property
cancers.
However,
adverse
effects
including
normal
tissues
injury
are
also
accompanied
by
chemotherapy.
Targeted
therapy
has
potential
to
suppress
cells’
damage
response
through
tailoring
patients
lacking
specific
functions.
Obviously,
understanding
broader
role
repair
became
a
basic
attractive
strategy
for
targeted
therapy,
particular,
raising
novel
hypothesis
or
theory
field
basis
previous
scientists’
findings
would
be
important
future
promising
druggable
emerging
targets.
In
review,
we
first
illustrate
timeline
steps
roles
promotion
developed,
then
summarize
mechanisms
regarding
associated
highlighting
proteins
behind
targeting
that
initiate
functioning
abnormally
duo
extrinsic
harm
environmental
factors,
also,
baseline
drift
leads
harmful
intrinsic
therapy.
addition,
clinical
therapeutic
drugs
effects,
as
well
scheme
relative
trials
were
intensive
discussed.
Based
background,
suggest
two
hypotheses,
namely
“environmental
gear
selection”
describe
pathway
evolution,
“DNA
drift”,
which
may
play
magnified
mediating
during
treatment.
This
new
shed
light
provide
much
better
more
comprehensive
holistic
view
promote
development
research
direction
overcoming
strategies
patients.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(5), P. 4741 - 4741
Published: March 1, 2023
DNA
damage
is
a
double-edged
sword
in
cancer
cells.
On
the
one
hand,
exacerbates
gene
mutation
frequency
and
risk.
Mutations
key
repair
genes,
such
as
breast
1
(BRCA1)
and/or
2
(BRCA2),
induce
genomic
instability
promote
tumorigenesis.
other
induction
of
using
chemical
reagents
or
radiation
kills
cells
effectively.
Cancer-burdening
mutations
repair-related
genes
imply
relatively
high
sensitivity
to
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
because
reduced
efficiency.
Therefore,
designing
specific
inhibitors
targeting
enzymes
pathway
an
effective
way
synthetic
lethality
with
therapeutics.
This
study
reviews
general
pathways
involved
potential
proteins
that
could
be
targeted
for
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(13), P. 2478 - 2478
Published: July 7, 2024
The
rise
of
drug
resistance
in
cancer
cells
presents
a
formidable
challenge
modern
oncology,
necessitating
the
exploration
innovative
therapeutic
strategies.
This
review
investigates
latest
advancements
overcoming
mechanisms
employed
by
cells,
focusing
on
emerging
modalities.
intricate
molecular
insights
into
resistance,
including
genetic
mutations,
efflux
pumps,
altered
signaling
pathways,
and
microenvironmental
influences,
are
discussed.
Furthermore,
promising
avenues
offered
targeted
therapies,
combination
treatments,
immunotherapies,
precision
medicine
approaches
highlighted.
Specifically,
synergistic
effects
combining
traditional
cytotoxic
agents
with
molecularly
inhibitors
to
circumvent
pathways
examined.
Additionally,
evolving
landscape
immunotherapeutic
interventions,
immune
checkpoint
adoptive
cell
is
explored
terms
bolstering
anti-tumor
responses
evasion
mechanisms.
Moreover,
significance
biomarker-driven
strategies
for
predicting
monitoring
treatment
underscored,
thereby
optimizing
outcomes.
For
future
direction
paradigms,
current
focused
prevailing
challenges
improving
patient
outcomes,
through
an
integrative
analysis
these
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(8), P. 4203 - 4203
Published: April 19, 2021
Poly(ADP-ribose)
polymerases
(PARP)
are
proteins
responsible
for
DNA
damage
detection
and
signal
transduction.
PARP
inhibitors
(PARPi)
able
to
interact
with
the
binding
site
cofactor
(NAD+)
trapping
on
DNA.
In
this
way,
they
inhibit
single-strand
repair.
These
drugs
have
been
approved
in
recent
years
treatment
of
ovarian
cancer.
Although
share
some
similarities,
from
point
view
chemical
structure
pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetic
properties,
these
also
substantial
differences.
differences
may
underlie
different
safety
profiles
activity
PARPi.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6), P. 1892 - 1892
Published: March 22, 2023
Radiation
has
been
utilized
for
a
long
time
the
treatment
of
cancer
patients.
However,
radiotherapy
(RT)
many
constraints,
among
which
non-selectivity
is
primary
one.
The
implementation
nanoparticles
(NPs)
with
RT
not
only
localizes
radiation
in
targeted
tissue
but
also
provides
significant
tumoricidal
effect(s)
compared
to
alone.
NPs
can
be
functionalized
both
biomolecules
and
therapeutic
agents,
their
combination
significantly
reduces
side
effects
RT.
NP-based
destroys
cells
through
multiple
mechanisms,
including
ROS
generation,
turn
damages
DNA
other
cellular
organelles,
inhibiting
double-strand
damage-repair
system,
obstructing
cell
cycle,
regulating
tumor
microenvironment,
killing
stem
cells.
Furthermore,
such
combined
treatments
overcome
radioresistance
drug
resistance
chemotherapy.
Additionally,
have
shown
synergistic
benefit(s)
enhanced
window.
phototherapy,
i.e.,
photodynamic
therapy
photothermal
RT,
phototoxicity
offers
excellent
benefits.
Moreover,
using
promise
outcomes
clinical
trials.
Therefore,
extensive
research
this
field
will
pave
way
toward
improved
treatment.