The effect of GLP-1R agonists on the medical triad of obesity, diabetes, and cancer

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 1297 - 1314

Published: May 27, 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential in addressing the interconnected health challenges of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The role GLP-1R type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highlighted, emphasizing its pivotal contribution to glucose homeostasis, promoting β-cell proliferation, facilitating insulin release. effectively managed obesity by reducing hunger, moderating food intake, regulating body weight. Beyond exhibit a multifaceted impact on cancer progression across various malignancies. mechanisms underlying these effects involve modulation signaling pathways associated with cell growth, survival, metabolism. However, current literature reveals lack vivo studies specific such as semaglutide, necessitating further research elucidate precise effects, particularly While other shown promising outcomes mitigating progression, association between some an increased risk remains topic requiring more profound investigation. This calls extensive unravel intricate relationships agonist different cancers, providing valuable insights clinicians researchers alike.

Language: Английский

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Cardiometabolic comorbidities and complications of obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100341 - 100341

Published: April 2, 2024

Obesity and chronic kidney disease are two ongoing progressive clinical pandemics of major public health care significance. Because their growing prevalence, indolent course consequent complications both these conditions place significant burden on the delivery system especially in developed countries like United States. Beyond chance coexistence same patient based high prevalence it is now apparent that obesity associated with likely has a direct causal role onset, progression severity disease. The causes underlying pathophysiology this myriad, complicated multi-faceted. In review, continuing theme special edition journal " Cross roads between Endocrinology Nephrology" we review epidemiology related (ORCKD), its various pathophysiology. addition, delve into comorbidities ORCKD particular emphasis cardio metabolic consequences then current body evidence for available strategies modulation as well potential unique weight reduction management improvement risk reduction.

Language: Английский

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The signaling pathways in obesity‐related complications

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(2)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Obesity, a rapidly expanding epidemic worldwide, is known to exacerbate many medical conditions, making it significant factor in multiple diseases and their associated complications. This threatening linked various harmful conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular (CVDs), dyslipidemia, cancer. The rise urbanization sedentary lifestyles creates an environment that fosters obesity, leading both psychosocial To identify individuals at risk ensure timely treatment, crucial have better understanding of the pathophysiology obesity its comorbidities. comprehensive review highlights relationship between obesity‐associated complications, including diabetes, gastrointestinal obstructive sleep apnea. It also explores potential mechanisms underlying these associations. A thorough analysis interplay complications vital developing effective therapeutic strategies combat exponential increase global rates mitigate deadly consequences this polygenic condition.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(17), P. 2822 - 2822

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Obesity is a pandemic of the 21st century, and prevalence this metabolic condition has enormously increased over past few decades. associated with number comorbidities complications, such as diabetes cardiovascular disorders, which can be severe fatal outcomes. Adipose tissue an endocrine organ that secretes numerous molecules proteins are capable modifying immune responses. The progression obesity adipose dysfunction, characterised by enhanced inflammation apoptosis. Increased fat-tissue mass dysregulated secretion substances adipocytes, leads to alterations. Importantly, contains cells, profile changes obesity. For instance, increasing fat enhances presence pro-inflammatory variants macrophages, major sources tumour necrosis factor α other inflammatory mediators promote insulin resistance. pathogenesis complex, understanding pathophysiological mechanisms involved may provide novel treatment methods could prevent development serious complications. aim review discuss current evidence describing involvement various in

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Social and Biobehavioral Pathways

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 23 - 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In the United States, two out of every five adults have obesity. The obesity epidemic is a significant public health concern and major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), contributing to its development through complex interplay social, biologic behavioral mechanisms. It exacerbates traditional factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, while visceral epicardial fat deposition promotes inflammation insulin resistance, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Beyond pathophysiologic pathways, social determinants (SDoH) significantly contribute obesity-related disparities, particularly among racial ethnic minorities. SDoH socioeconomic status, access care, limited availability nutritious food safe spaces physical activity not only increase prevalence but also exacerbate psychological toll, including stress anxiety, which further elevate risk. Environmental factors, green air pollution, promote obesogenic behaviors worsen outcomes. this review, we explore association between ASCVD key mediating pathways role environmental factors. We discuss potential strategies-including patient education, community engagement address SDoH, establishment dedicated cardiometabolic prevention clinics-to mitigate population burden improve downstream

Language: Английский

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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Obesity Risk Prediction and Management: Approaches, Insights, and Recommendations

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 358 - 358

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Greater than 650 million individuals worldwide are categorized as obese, which is associated with significant health, economic, and social challenges. Given its overlap leading comorbidities such heart disease, innovative solutions necessary to improve risk prediction management strategies. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) have emerged powerful tools in healthcare, offering novel approaches chronic disease prevention. This narrative review explores the role of AI/ML obesity management, a special focus on childhood obesity. We begin by examining multifactorial nature obesity, including genetic, behavioral, environmental factors, limitations traditional predict treat morbidity Next, we analyze techniques commonly used risk, particularly minimizing risk. shift application comparing perspectives from healthcare providers versus patients. From provider's perspective, offer real-time data electronic medical records, wearables, health apps stratify patient customize treatment plans, enhance clinical decision making. patient's AI/ML-driven interventions personalized coaching long-term engagement management. Finally, address key challenges, determinants embracing while our recommendations based literature review.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic Diets for Body Weight Loss: A Comparison with Other Diets

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 965 - 965

Published: March 10, 2025

With the prevalence of obesity and overweight increasing at an alarming rate, more researchers are focused on identifying effective weight loss strategies. The ketogenic diet (KD), used as a treatment in epilepsy management for over 100 years, is additionally gaining popularity method. Although its efficacy well documented, areas where it may be beneficial to other dietary approaches need carefully examined. objective this paper identify potential benefits KD alternative strategies based comprehensive literature review. It has been shown that bioenergetically efficient than strategies, inter alia owing effect curtailing hunger, improving satiety decreasing appetite (influence hunger hormones sensation hunger), inducing faster initial (associated with lower glycogen levels reduced water retention), controlling glycaemia insulinemia (directly attributable low-carbohydrate nature indirectly described). These effects accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity, inflammation (through ketone bodies avoidance pro-inflammatory sugars), pharmacological control (the diet’s mechanisms similar those medication but without side effects), positive impacts psychological factors food addiction. Based authors’ review latest research, reasonable conclude that, due these many additional health benefits, advantageous diet-based This important hypothesis deserves further exploration, which could achieved including outcome measures future clinical trials, especially when comparing different diets equal caloric value.

Language: Английский

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Learning from circadian rhythm to transform cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship care

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 196 - 207

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Circadian timekeeping mechanisms and cell cycle regulation share thematic biological principles in responding to signals, repairing cellular damage, coordinating metabolism, allocating resources for optimal function. Recent studies show interactions between regulators circadian clock components, offering insights into potential cancer treatment approaches. Understanding control of metabolism informs timing therapies reduce adverse effects enhance efficacy. adaptability lifestyle factors, such as activity, sleep, nutrition sheds light on their impact cancer. Leveraging regulatory prevention care is vital, most risk stems from modifiable lifestyles. Monitoring factors aids assessment targeted interventions across the continuum.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 3610 - 3610

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic African Heritage Asian DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable for curing obesity. However, bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in diet may vary, depending on several factors such digestion absorption phytonutrients, interaction other substances, cooking processes, individual differences. Hence, phytochemicals, polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated assess their efficiencies safety prevention treatment These phytochemicals anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation many pathways, decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, preadipocyte differentiation proliferation. Owing new food formulations incorporating were introduced that can beneficial reducing prevalence obesity promoting public health.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Body Mass Index in Early and Middle Adulthood and Estimated Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. e2310002 - e2310002

Published: May 10, 2023

Importance In a population with significantly increasing rates of individuals overweight or obesity, understanding the association obesity long-term disease risk, such as cancer, is necessary to improve public health. Objective To investigate between body mass index (BMI) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk (colorectal [CRC] noncolorectal GI cancer) in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective cohort study was secondary analysis data from PLCO aged 55 74 years were enrolled randomized intervention (screening group) control group at 10 screening centers November 8, 1993, July 2, 2001. The initial Trial occurred after 13 follow-up December 31, 2009, whichever came first. reconsented 2011 either continued refused additional follow-up. For those who reconsented, for incident cancers until 2014, death, Data this performed April 2022 through 2022. Exposures Body aspirin use, defined frequency use aspirin-containing substances last 12 months. Main Outcomes Measures primary outcomes diagnoses CRC cancer. BMI (CRC assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. change further analyzed different ages, an exploratory evaluate among users. Results included 135 161 participants (median [range] age, 62 [55-78] years; 67 643 [50.0%] female). Overweight early adulthood (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.37) middle (HR, 1.13-1.34) later 1.21; 1.10-1.32) well obese 1.55; 1.38-1.75) 1.39; 1.25-1.54) associated increased CRC. Similar results observed overall non-CRC adulthood. Maintaining also risk. Aspirin 3 more times per week did not modify association. Conclusions Relevance Trial, elevated cancers. current prompt exploration into mechanistic role carcinogenesis.

Language: Английский

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