Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 2262 - 2262

Published: June 18, 2024

Melanoma, originating through malignant transformation of melanin-producing melanocytes, is a formidable malignancy, characterized by local invasiveness, recurrence, early metastasis, resistance to therapy, and high mortality rate. This review discusses etiologic risk factors for melanoma, diagnostic prognostic tools, including recent advances in molecular biology, omics, bioinformatics, provides an overview its therapy. Since the incidence melanoma rising remains unacceptably high, we discuss inherent properties, melanogenesis, that make this disease resilient treatment propose use AI solve above complex multidimensional problems. We provide on vitamin D anticancerogenic report field can solutions prevention and/or therapy melanoma. Experimental papers clinicopathological studies role status signaling pathways initiated active metabolites prognosis are reviewed. conclude signaling, defined specific nuclear receptors selective activation hydroxyderivatives, benefit new or existing therapeutic approaches. target with computational biology tools solution problem.

Language: Английский

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Skin Cancer Detection Using Transfer Learning and Deep Attention Mechanisms

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 99 - 99

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Background/Objectives: Early and accurate diagnosis of skin cancer improves survival rates; however, dermatologists often struggle with lesion detection due to similar pigmentation. Deep learning transfer models have shown promise in diagnosing cancers through image processing. Integrating attention mechanisms (AMs) deep has further enhanced the accuracy medical classification. While significant progress been made, research is needed improve accuracy. Previous studies not explored integration pre-trained Xception model for binary classification cancer. This study aims investigate impact various on model’s performance detecting benign malignant lesions. Methods: We conducted four experiments HAM10000 dataset. Three integrated self-attention (SL), hard (HD), soft (SF) mechanisms, while fourth used standard without mechanisms. Each mechanism analyzed features from uniquely: examined input relationships, hard-attention selected elements sparsely, soft-attention distributed focus probabilistically. Results: AMs into architecture effectively its performance. The alone was 91.05%. With AMs, increased 94.11% using self-attention, 93.29% attention, 92.97% attention. Moreover, proposed outperformed previous terms recall metrics, which are crucial investigations. Conclusions: These findings suggest that can enhance relation complex imaging tasks, potentially supporting earlier improving treatment outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Cordyceps militaris-Derived Bioactive Gels: Therapeutic and Anti-Aging Applications in Dermatology

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom widely utilized in traditional East Asian medicine, recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties. This review explores the potential of C. militaris-derived bioactive gels applications dermatology and skincare, with particular focus on their anti-aging benefits. In response to rising incidence skin cancers growing demand natural ingredients, has emerged as valuable source functional compounds, including cordycepin, polysaccharides, adenosine. These compounds exhibit multiple bioactivities, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory effects, which have been shown be particularly effective against melanoma other cancers. Additionally, antioxidant properties enhance resilience by scavenging reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress, promoting collagen synthesis, thereby addressing health requirements. The incorporating into gel-based formulations skincare also examined, either standalone bioactives or combination synergistic ingredients. Emphasis placed necessity clinical trials standardization establish safety, efficacy, reproducibility such applications. By providing safer alternative synthetic agents, represent promising advancement skincare.

Language: Английский

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Advanced and Metastatic Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Treatment Options

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1448 - 1448

Published: June 28, 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) form the majority of cancers, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) being most common and cutaneous squamous (cSCC) second. Prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure, aging, male gender, immunosuppression represent causes this category diseases. BCCs cSCCs both include different types such as nodular or morpheaform BCC flat cSCC. Locally advanced metastatic NMSCs cannot be treated surgically; thus, systemic therapy (TKI Immunotherapy) is needed. Interestingly, are frequently linked to abnormal Hedgehog (HH) signaling which immunotherapies for these based upon. Of note, first line therapies BCC, sonidegib vismodegib, HH inhibitors. Programmed death receptor 1 antibody (PD-1) inhibitors cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab have been approved treatment Thus, paper reviews epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, options

Language: Английский

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Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1403 - 1403

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Several industries are increasingly focused on enhancing the delivery of active ingredients through skin to optimize therapeutic outcomes. By facilitating penetration barrier, these enhancers can significantly improve efficacy various formulations, ranging from skincare products agents targeting systemic circulation. As understanding physiology and mechanisms drug absorption deepen, adopting permeation more widely, ultimately leading better patient outcomes expanded treatment options. However, structure physiological function vary according different factors, such as area body between individuals. These variations, along with external environmental exposures, aging pathological conditions, introduce complexities that must be carefully considered when designing effective systems. Considering intricacies physiology, tailoring systems account for regional differences, individual variability, changes induced by factors or disease is critical optimizing This review discusses features structure, pathologies, well application in contexts. Furthermore, it addresses use animal models transdermal dermatological studies, latest developments this field.

Language: Английский

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Computational Network Analysis of Two Popular Skin Cancers Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Reveals Common Therapeutic Targets

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. e41688 - e41688

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Actinic Keratosis (AK) are prevalent skin conditions with significant health complications. The molecular mechanisms underlying these their potential shared pathways remain ambiguous despite prevalence. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the common therapeutic targets for BCC AK through comprehensive computational network analysis. Linkage analysis was performed identify liable genes between AK. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), Topological properties, GO enrichment, pathway gene regulatory analyses were also reveal pathways. Furthermore, we evaluated protein-drug (PDIs) targets. Our revealed 22 AK: TP53, EGFR, CDKN2A, MMP9, PTGS2, VDR, BCL2, MMP2, EZH2, TP63, FOXP3, MSH2, MMP14, FLG, MC1R, CDKN2B, TIMP3, TYR, SOX10, IRF4, KRT17, NID1. PPI highlighted TP53 EGFR as central hubs, validated using RNA-seq data. Co-expression physical interaction a strong interplay at transcriptional functional levels. identified cancer-relevant terms: "skin development", "immune system "response radiation" significantly enriched biological processes, while enrichment several cancer-related enrichment. Gene complex genes, miRNAs, transcription factors, playing roles. PDI ibuprofen agent targeting PTGS2 other proteins TYR showed multiple drugs. This provides valuable insights into of AK, revealing developing novel treatment strategies repurposing existing drugs cancers. findings may guide future research in understanding targeted therapies both conditions.

Language: Английский

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Quality of Life and the Role of Gender in Patients With Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Greece

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Background Improving quality of life (QoL), is an important factor for patients diagnosed with non-melanoma cell cancer (NMSC). NMSC the most common and widespread in European population. Methods To measure QoL, several tools have been created, which try to capture evaluate it both before after treatment. The factors that contribute evaluation degree impact on patients' QoL are numerous sometimes overlap or interact each other. In present study, questionnaire used was General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Aims objectives aim this study map highlight population groups whose affected a greater extent than others. final sample consisted 103 (63 men 40 women) proven (via biopsy), who presented Dermatology Clinic University Hospital Patras during period 2022-2023. Results Of sample, 72 (69.9%) had one tumor, 23 (22.3%) two tumors, 6 (5.8%) three 2 (1.9%) more tumors. 74.8%, diameter tumor less cm, while 25.2%, equal cm. Conclusion Our results showed that, general, female population, all its aspects (psychology, bodily functions, appearance, etc.), compared corresponding male cases NMSC. effect may be due multifaceted factors, such as outcome treatment, size itself, aesthetic interventions, change patient's daily activities.

Language: Английский

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Bee Venom: Yesterday's Enemy Becomes Modern Medicine for Skin Cancer

Experimental Cell Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 445(2), P. 114435 - 114435

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dermatological assessment: history-taking and examination

Practice Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 51 - 60

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Nurses of all disciplines will find dermatological complaints one the most common presentations in their practice. This article looks at effective techniques when assessing conditions. Skin problems are common, affecting up to one-third population during lifetime, and they frequently encountered by advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) both primary secondary care settings. Despite prevalence presentations, ACPs often feel unprepared conduct a thorough history examination. aims provide guidance trainees qualified ACPs, whether acute hospital settings or care, perform assessments examinations systematically. is first two-part series on assessment.

Language: Английский

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Phytoflavonoids as alternative therapeutic effect for melanoma: Integrative Network pharmacology, molecular dynamics and drug-likeness profiling for lead discovery

Computational Biology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 117, P. 108390 - 108390

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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