The
Ir(III)-catalyzed
synthesis
of
3-pyrrolidinols
and
4-piperidinols
combining
1,2,4-butanetriol
or
1,3,5-pentanetriol
with
primary
amines
was
carried
out.
This
borrowing
hydrogen
methodology
(BH)
further
extended
to
the
sequential
diamination
triols
leading
aza-pyrrolidines
aza-piperidines
Accounts of Chemical Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
56(21), P. 2867 - 2886
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
ConspectusC-C
single
bonds
are
ubiquitous
in
organic
compounds.
The
activation
and
subsequent
functionalization
of
C-C
provide
a
unique
opportunity
to
synthesize
conventionally
inaccessible
molecules
through
the
rearrangement
carbon
skeletons,
often
with
favorable
atom
step
economy.
However,
thermodynamically
kinetically
inert.
Consequently,
is
particularly
attractive
yet
challenging
field
chemistry.
In
past
decade,
we
sought
develop
efficient
strategies
carry
out
transition-metal-catalyzed
diverse
cleavage/C-C
forming
reactions
obtain
some
insights
into
intrinsic
reactivities
different
bonds.
With
our
efforts,
readily
available
alcohols,
carboxylic
acids,
ketones
served
as
suitable
substrates
for
catalytic
coupling
reactions,
which
reviewed
this
Account.
2009,
observed
Ni-catalyzed
cross
aryl
nitriles
arylboronic
esters
C-CN
cleavage.
Encouraged
by
these
results,
interested
bond
activation.
Due
their
broad
availability,
then
turned
attention
cleavage
acids.
Rhodium-catalyzed
decarbonylative
acids
(hetero)arenes
was
achieved
oxidative
addition
situ
formed,
more
reactive
mixed
anhydrides
Rh(I)
without
need
oxidants
that
commonly
required
decarboxylative
Subsequently,
decarbonylation
unstrained
realized
under
Rh
catalysis
assisted
N-containing
directing
groups.
Following
work,
group
exchange
2-fold
By
employing
chelation
strategy,
Rh-catalyzed
secondary
benzyl
alcohols
also
accomplished
β-carbon
elimination
rhodium
alcoholate
intermediates.
competing
oxidation
via
β-hydrogen
same
intermediates
suppressed
five-membered
rhodacycles
formed
after
elimination.
Different
types
transformations
including
Heck-type
reaction
alkenes,
arylsilanes,
Grignard-type
aldehydes
or
imines,
have
been
achieved,
showing
great
potential
formation
These
bond-forming
complementary
traditional
couplings
halides
organometallic
reagents.
produce
small
byproducts.
To
improve
economy,
investigated
strained-ring
cyclic
intermolecular
cyclization
benzocyclobutenones
alkynes
recently
uncommon
C1-C8
removable
blocking
strategy.
intramolecular
annulation
benzocyclobutenols
achieved.
summary,
developments
demonstrate
new
further
expand
synthetic
utility
activation,
efforts
substrate
scope
achieve
earth-abundant
metal-catalyzed
transformations.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(6), P. 3021 - 3038
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Production
of
value-added
chemicals
from
renewable
feedstocks
is
an
attractive
platform
to
alleviate
the
shortage
petroleum
resources
and
minimize
CO
2
emissions.
European Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(10)
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Abstract
Borrowing
hydrogen
(BH)
has
reached
a
wide
attention
from
the
chemistry
community
as
new
opportunity
to
construct
efficiently
C−N
bond
(as
well
C−C
or
C−S
bond).
This
straightforward
strategy
is
usually
supported
by
relevant
organometallic
catalysts,
involved
in
dehydrogenation‐reduction
processes.
concept
highlights
specifically
application
of
borrowing
preparation
saturated
aza‐heterocycles
(piperidines,
pyrrolidines
and
piperazines)
extensively
present
high‐added
value
molecules
pharmaceutical
industry
over
last
40
years
using
homogenous
catalysis
particular.
A
focus
will
be
given
appropriate
metals
(Ru,
Ir
more
recently
earth‐abundant
metals)
used
for
this
transformation.
An
extension
chiral
induction
order
prepare
enantiopure
N
‐heterocycles
also
reported.
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(15), P. 11332 - 11342
Published: July 15, 2024
The
alkylation
of
amines
with
alcohols
by
borrowing
hydrogen
(BH)
is
a
versatile
synthetic
route
to
various
relevant
compounds,
including
drugs
and
agrochemicals.
atom
economy
this
reaction,
water
as
the
sole
byproduct,
entails
complex
mechanism
in
which
alcohol
activation
can
follow
multiple
competing
pathways.
interest
single
catalysts
(SACs)
combining
advantages
homogeneous
heterogeneous
systems
motivated
computational
study
on
BH
catalyzed
nickel
SACs.
We
found
that
oxidation,
charge,
spin
states
system,
well
geometry
support,
all
have
strong
influence
mechanism.
pyrrolic
support
was
most
reactive
dicationic
state
nearly
degenerate
singlet
triplet
configurations.
free
energy
catalyst
hydrogenation
H2
strongly
correlated
its
reactivity,
thus
being
useful
descriptor.
Further,
followed
an
unusual
reaction
pathway
takes
delivers
H
equivalents,
metal
playing
spectator
role.
This
provides
insights
for
further
development
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 10, 2025
Abstract
Unnatural
α‐amino
acids
are
found
in
a
wide
variety
of
bioactive
compounds
ranging
from
proteins
to
pharmaceutical
agents
materials
science.
As
result,
the
investigation
efficient
and
simple
methods
for
their
synthesis
is
major
purpose
reaction
development.
In
this
study,
it
that
catalyst
based
on
molybdenum,
an
earth‐abundant
transition
metal,
can
facilitate
amination
readily
accessible
α‐hydroxy
esters
afford
N
‐protected
unnatural
acid
high
yield.
This
process
also
enables
enantioselective
amination,
which
proceeds
through
cooperative
catalysis
chiral
molybdenum
complex
with
phosphoric
(CPA),
complements
earlier
procedures
catalytic
important
class
compounds.
The
obtained
protected
ester
products
directly
useful
or
further
utilized
commercially
available
drugs
analogs.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(22), P. 11019 - 11060
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Recent
advances
in
the
amination
of
biomass-derived
molecules
to
generate
valuable
nitrogenous
chemicals
by
employing
thermocatalysis,
electrocatalysis
and
photocatalysis
strategies
are
reviewed.
ChemCatChem,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(12)
Published: Feb. 19, 2024
Abstract
Chemodivergent
synthesis
by
transition
metal
catalysts
is
a
straightforward
and
sustainable
approach
to
achieving
valuable
organic
compounds.
Especially,
the
chemodivergent
dehydrogenative
couplings
of
alcohols
with
motifs
develop
various
saturated
unsaturated
compounds
are
highly
environmentally
benign
due
reduced
waste
generation.
In
this
concept
review,
we
presented
3d
(Mn,
Fe,
Co,
Ni)‐catalyzed
imines
amines,
carbonyl/alcohol
compounds,
nitriles,
N
‐heterocycles,
N‐/C‐alkylated
indoles.
The
discussed
reaction
commanded
two
or
three
different
products
high
chemoselectivity
changing
specific
parameters,
but
keeping
catalyst
unchanged.
Generally,
acceptorless
coupling
(ADC)
provides
moieties,
whereas
borrowing‐hydrogen
(BH)
process
results
in
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(31), P. 6360 - 6367
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
S
-Alkylation
of
dithiocarbamates
using
alcohols
as
alkylating
agents
via
a
hydrogen
borrowing
strategy
hydroxyapatite-supported
copper
nanoparticles
heterogeneous
catalyst.
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20, P. 1111 - 1166
Published: May 21, 2024
Transition-metal-mediated
"borrowing
hydrogen"
also
known
as
hydrogen
auto-transfer
reactions
allow
the
sustainable
construction
of
C-C
and
C-N
bonds
using
alcohols
donors.
In
recent
years,
manganese
complexes
have
been
explored
efficient
catalysts
in
these
reactions.
This
review
highlights
significant
progress
made
manganese-catalyzed
bond-formation
via
auto-transfer,
emphasizing
importance
this
methodology
synthesis
strategies.