CD4 T-Cell Subsets and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2696 - 2696

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in gut association with microbiota dysbiosis disruption intestinal barrier, resulting increased bacterial exposure. In response to signals from microorganisms damaged tissue, immune cells produce inflammatory cytokines factors that stimulate T B system, a prominent characteristic patients accumulation T-cells their proinflammatory-associated tissue. Upon antigen recognition activation, CD4 differentiate towards range distinct phenotypes: helper(h)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, follicular helper (Tfh), several types T-regulatory (Treg). are generated according adapt microenvironmental conditions participate complex network interactions among other modulate further progression IBD. This review examines role most relevant IBD, highlighting how these environment interact cell populations promote inhibit development

Language: Английский

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Network medicine framework reveals generic herb-symptom effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(43)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Understanding natural and traditional medicine can lead to world-changing drug discoveries. Despite the therapeutic effectiveness of individual herbs, Chinese (TCM) lacks a scientific foundation is often considered myth. In this study, we establish network framework reveal general TCM treatment principle as topological relationship between disease symptoms herb targets on human protein interactome. We find that proteins associated with symptom form module, proximity an herb’s module predictive in treating symptom. These findings are validated using patient data from hospital. highlight translational value our by predicting herb-symptom treatments potential. Our reveals establishes paradigm for understanding molecular basis treatments.

Language: Английский

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Orchestration of MUC2 — The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 123862 - 123862

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in provide durable better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective vaccines elicit robust localized systemic by administration via routes. yield protection superior parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond valuable immunogenicity, can be less expensive easier administer without a need for injection materials more highly trained personnel. However, faces many challenges, much effort directed at development. In this article, we review the history vaccine development present an overview compartment biology immunity plays defending infection, knowledge helped inform We explore new progress design optimization novel approaches created improve efficacy safety

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils—From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component the innate immune response. As result poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing inflammation injury. According to current knowledge, not only part pathogenesis infectious autoimmune diseases but conditions with disturbed homeostasis such as trauma shock. Scientific advances past two decades have changed role neutrophils from that solely cells responsible for general integrity body, even absence pathogens. To better understand PMN function human organism, our review outlines within system. This provides overview migration vascular compartment target well their chemotactic processes illuminates crucial neutrophil properties at site lesion. The is focused on formation gradients interaction extracellular matrix (ECM) influence ECM function. In addition, summarizes knowledge about phenomenon bidirectional reverse migration, microtubules, microtubule organizing center migration. conclusive feature, we discuss new findings behavior cancer environment tumor tissue.

Language: Английский

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The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 138 - 138

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC not a genetic disease several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also multifactorial including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate their environment mostly via soluble factors cytokines, chemokines growth to generate favorable microenvironment (TME). The TME, heterogeneous population differentiated and progenitor cells, plays critical role regulating development, growth, invasion, metastasis therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance suppress metastasis. Additionally, lines evidence exist composition microbiota regulates processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, play carcinogenesis progression. review, we discuss networks between microbiome colorectal related treatment strategies, goal cytokine-mediated strategies could overcome common resistance tumors.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation Theranostic Nanomedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 3893 - 3911

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract: The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As natural nanocarriers, EVs such as exosomes, exosome-like nanoparticles and outer membrane (OMVs), have unique structure/composition/morphology characteristics, show excellent physical chemical/biochemical properties, making them a new generation theranostic nanomedicine. Here, we reviewed characteristics from perspective their formation biological function inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, can crucially participate interaction communication intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-immune cells-gut microbiota to regulate immune response, inflammation homeostasis. Interestingly, on current representative examples exosomes IBD treatment, it is shown that plant, milk, cells-derived exert therapeutic effect through components, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids. several drug loading methods target modification are used improve capability. We also discussed application treatment IBD. In this review, aim better more clearly clarify underlying mechanisms pathogenesis IBD, provide directions mediated treatment. Keywords: vesicles, exosome, nanoparticles, disease,

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 3229 - 3229

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong inflammatory immune mediated disorder, encompassing Crohn's (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the cause specific pathogenesis of IBD yet incompletely understood. Multiple cytokines produced by different cell types results in complex functional networks that constitute highly regulated messaging network signaling pathways. Applying biological mechanisms underlying at single omic level, technologies genetic engineering enable quantification pattern released new insights into cytokine landscape IBD. We focus on existing literature dealing with biology pro- or anti-inflammatory interactions facilitate cell-based modulation system for inflammation. summarize main roles substantial related to homeostatic tissue functions remodeling IBD, which may be specifically valuable successful cytokine-targeted therapies via marketed products. Cytokines their receptors are validated targets multiple therapeutic areas, we review current strategies intervention developing therapies. New biologics have shown efficacy last few decades management IBD; unfortunately, many patients nonresponsive develop therapy resistance over time, creating need novel therapeutics. Thus, treatment options beyond immune-modifying anti-TNF agents combination expanding rapidly. Further studies needed fully understand response, cytokines, direct pathogenetic relevance regarding individually tailored, safe efficient targeted-biotherapeutics.

Language: Английский

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The new insights of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: focus on inflammatory bowel disease

Precision Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with an increasing incidence, pose a significant health burden. Although there have been advances in the treatment of IBD, more progress is still needed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has shown to treat host conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and gas gangrene. In last few years, increase research into use HBOT adjunct conventional for IBD. Related that may exert its therapeutic effects by decreasing oxidative stress, inhibiting mucosal inflammation, promoting ulcer healing, influencing gut microbes, reducing incidence IBD complications. This paper aims provide comprehensive review experimental clinical trials exploring supplement strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Colorectal Cancer Immunity

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 1437 - 1437

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and influencing the landscape within tumor microenvironment. This review aims to elucidate interactions between dynamics, with a focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). spans foundational concepts of immuno-microbial interplay, factors microbiome composition, evidence linking immunotherapy outcomes. Gut modulates anti-cancer immunity through several mechanisms, including enhancement surveillance modulation inflammatory responses. Specific microbial species their metabolic byproducts can significantly influence efficacy immunotherapies. Furthermore, diversity correlates clinical outcomes CRC, suggesting potential as valuable biomarker for predicting response immunotherapy. Conclusions: Understanding relationship responses offers novel therapeutic strategies development. not only influences natural history treatment CRC but also serves critical modulator activity. Further exploration into microbiome's could enhance effectiveness existing treatments guide development new modalities.

Language: Английский

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