APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Abstract ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in CNS. There are three human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, apoE4, genetic expression of APOE4 one most influential risk factors for development late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become third hallmark AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques neurofibrillary tangles hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly extensively describe differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from evolution apoE how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, involvement during health disease. reflects on impact critical AD pathology, such as neuroinflammatory response, particularly effect APOE astrocytic microglial function dynamics, synaptic amyloid-β load, autophagy, cell–cell communication. We discuss affecting pathology combined genotype, sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies clinical trials field. The genotype other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple also addressed. Therefore, this gathers relevant findings related up date implications CNS pathologies provide a deeper understanding knowledge

Language: Английский

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Addition of Vision Impairment to a Life-Course Model of Potentially Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors in the US

JAMA Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 623 - 623

Published: April 25, 2022

Dementia prevention is a high priority, given the large impact of dementia on well-being individuals and society. The number older adults with in US globally projected to increase as result population aging growth. Thus, it vital identify potentially modifiable risk factors. Vision impairment has been identified factor for accelerated cognitive decline incident dementia. An estimated 90% vision preventable or yet be treated. Nevertheless, not included dominant life-course models factors used shape public health policy research priorities.

Language: Английский

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Berberine: A Promising Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 20, 2022

Berberine, as a natural alkaloid compound, is characterized by diversity of pharmacological effects. In recent years, many researches focused on the role berberine in central nervous system diseases. Among them, effect neurodegenerative diseases has received widespread attention, for example Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Huntington’s and so on. Recent evidence suggests that inhibits production neuroinflammation, oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects can further reduce neuron damage apoptosis. Although current research made some progress, its specific mechanism still needs to be explored. This review provides an overview related mechanisms, also new ideas future berberine.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer’s Disease Seen through the Eye: Ocular Alterations and Neurodegeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2486 - 2486

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the main neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, AD shares many similarities with other dementias at early stages, which impedes an accurate premortem diagnosis. Therefore, it urgent to find biomarkers allow for diagnosis disease. There increasing scientific evidence highlighting between eye and structures CNS, suggesting that knowledge acquired in research could be useful AD. For example, retina optic nerve are considered part central nervous system, their damage can result retrograde anterograde axon degeneration, as well abnormal protein aggregation. In anterior segment, aqueous humor tear film may comparable cerebrospinal fluid. Both fluids enriched molecules potential biomarkers. Indeed, pathophysiology AD, characterized by cerebral deposits amyloid-beta (Aβ) tau protein, also present eyes patients, besides numerous structural functional changes observed structure eyes. all this suggests ocular have used either predictive values assessment or diagnostic tools.

Language: Английский

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Interplay between aging and other factors of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 101735 - 101735

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease with the retina as target tissue and aging per definition most serious risk factor. However, contains over 60 kinds of cells that form different structures, including neuroretina retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which can age at rates. Other established or putative AMD factors differentially affect RPE differently interplay these structures. The occurrence β-amyloid plaques increased levels cholesterol in retinas suggest may be syndrome accelerated brain aging. Therefore, question about real meaning justified. In this review we present update information on how some aspects pathogenesis, such oxidative stress, amyloid beta formation, circadian rhythm, metabolic cellular senescence. Also, show specific for photoreceptors, microglia well Bruch's membrane choroid. process As an accurate quantification biological important stratification early intervention age-related diseases, determination microglial helpful precise diagnosis treatment largely untreatable disease.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13338 - 13338

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that live in different body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, eyes. In particular, presence an ocular surface with crucial role maintaining homeostasis by preventing colonization from pathogen species has been recently demonstrated. Moreover, recent studies underline potential association between gut (GM) health. this respect, some evidence supports existence gut-eye axis involved pathogenesis several diseases, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, glaucoma. Therefore, understanding link GM these disorders might be useful for development new therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or faecal transplantation through which could modulated, thus allowing better management diseases.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1166 - 1166

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma disease proportions. It characterized by neurodegeneration neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy the death retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On other hand, there growing interest microbiome dysbiosis, particularly gut, has been widely acknowledged to play prominent role etiology metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies begun highlight fact that dysbiosis could critical onset progression several neurodegenerative diseases, well development ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut can induce endotoxemia systemic inflammation causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As result, bacteria their metabolites be delivered via bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels regions level retina nerve, tissue degeneration neuroinflammation. Nowadays, preliminary evidence for existence brain microbiomes. altered perturb resident brain–ocular ecosystem which, turn, exacerbate local inflammation. All these processes, finally, lead RGC neurodegeneration. purpose this literature review explore recent on related common mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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Signature of Altered Retinal Microstructures and Electrophysiology in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Is Associated With Disease Severity and Polygenic Risk

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(10), P. 792 - 803

Published: April 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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A review of chitosan-based nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for brain diseases: Critical challenges, outlooks and promises

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 134962 - 134962

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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The central role of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases in the eye and the brain

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 101954 - 101954

Published: May 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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