Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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Alterations in the Processing of Platelet APP (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein) in Alzheimer Disease: The Possible Nexus

Neuropsychopharmacology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative associated with development of dementia. The hallmarks AD neuropathology are accumulations amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Aβ derived from processing APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) by BACE1 (beta-secretase 1) γ-secretase through an amyloidogenic pathway. However, ADAM10/α-secretase (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10) enzymes a non-amyloidogenic pathway produces soluble alpha (sAPPα), which has neuroprotective effect. It been shown that activated platelets implicated in pathogenesis AD, also increases platelet activation. Under physiological conditions, regulate synaptic plasticity increase neuronal differentiation regulation inflammatory response. overactivated contribute to AD. Activated represent main source circulating may be involved neuropathology. Therefore, there close relationship between platelets. This review discusses potential role how targeting reduce

Language: Английский

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Molecularly targeted nanomedicine enabled by inorganic nanoparticles for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 114709 - 114709

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Atherosclerosis, a chronic cardiovascular disease caused by plaque development in arteries, remains leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized the expression regulation key molecules such as cell surface receptors, cytokines, signaling pathway proteins, potentially facilitating precise diagnosis treatment on molecular level specifically targeting characteristic molecules. In this review, we highlight recent progress past five years developing molecularly targeted nanomedicine for imaging detection atherosclerosis with use inorganic nanoparticles. Through delivery contrast nanoparticles to specific atherogenesis, atherosclerotic at different stages could be identified monitored via various modalities. We also review therapeutic approaches that target regulate associated lipid regulation, inflammation, apoptosis. The is concluded discussion current challenges future treatment.

Language: Английский

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Platelet biology and function: plaque erosion vs. rupture

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 18 - 31

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Abstract The leading cause of heart disease in developed countries is coronary atherosclerosis, which not simply a result ageing but chronic inflammatory process that can lead to acute clinical events upon atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion and arterial thrombus formation. composition location plaques determine the phenotype lesion whether it more likely erode. Although both initiate platelet activation on exposed vascular surface, contribution platelets formation differs between two phenotypes. In this review, discussed relation composition, an overview important mediators (haemodynamics, matrix components, soluble factors) plaque-induced given. As disrupted does necessarily complete vessel occlusion, healing occur. Therefore, latest findings potential role are summarized. Finally, need for effective antithrombotic agents highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Platelets in Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis

American Journal Of Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194(9), P. 1608 - 1621

Published: June 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Elevated Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Individuals

Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been proposed as a promising inflammatory biomarker, with potential implications for cardiovascular prognosis. However, its association mortality outcomes in hypertensive individuals is not fully elucidated. This investigation sought to clarify the linkage between PLR and both overall individuals. Data from 15 483 adults NHANES (2005-2018) were analyzed. Mortality data, including all-cause deaths, sourced National Death Index (NDI) up December 31, 2019. risk was depicted using restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed independent of risk, adjustments incrementally applied: Model 1 without adjustments; 2 adjusted age sex; 3 further age, gender, race, marital status, diabetes, alcohol intake, smoking body mass index (BMI), history disease (CVD), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density (LDL), total (TC), triglyceride (TG), creatinine (CR). Over median follow-up 79 months, there 2820 deaths 758 deaths. multivariate analysis showed that those highest quartile had significantly elevated risks (Model 1: HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.42, p < 0.001; 2: 1.14, 1.03-1.26, 0.014; 3: 1.16, 1.05-1.29, 0.004)and 1.59, 1.30-1.94, 1.38, 1.13-1.68, 1.47, 1.20-1.80, 0.001). study reveals U-shaped relationship mortality, alongside linear mortality. A threshold 118.83 identified indicative an adverse prognosis Elevated independently predicts heightened among patients.

Language: Английский

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The Prognostic Value of Hematologic Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), response (SIRI), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLRP) are novel indices that simultaneously reflect the inflammatory immune status. However, role these in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate predictive value AISI, SIRI, NLRP with ACS PCI. A total 1558 PCI were consecutively enrolled from January 2016 December 2018. NLRP, immune-inflammatory index, derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte monocyte-to-lymphocyte cutoff values for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curves, Spearman's test was used analyze correlations between indices. Kaplan-Meier curves Cox regression models survival analyses, endpoint a MACE, which included all-cause mortality rehospitalization severe heart failure during follow-up period. showed higher associated risk MACE (all P < .001). association prognosis stable various subgroups according sex, age, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history stroke, (P interaction > .05). Increasing tertiles significantly increased trend may be suitable laboratory markers identifying high-risk after

Language: Английский

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The Role of Snake Venom Disintegrins in Angiogenesis

Toxins, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 127 - 127

Published: March 1, 2024

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological conditions. Snake venom disintegrins (SVDs) have been identified as significant regulators this process. In review, we explore dual roles SVD angiogenesis, both antiangiogenic agents by inhibiting integrin binding interfering with vascular endothelial growth factors proangiogenic enhancing binding, stimulating cell migration proliferation, inducing neoangiogenesis. Studies vitro animal models demonstrated these effects offer therapeutic opportunities. The potential applications diseases related to such cancer, ocular diseases, tissue regeneration, wound healing, cardiovascular are also discussed. Overall, SVDs promising therapeutics, further advances field could lead innovative treatments for angiogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Saponins from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus attenuate atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 5, 2024

Abstract Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) is a traditional Chinese medicine with medicinal and food homology. AMB has various biological activities, including anti-coagulation, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, antioxidant effects. Saponins from Allium macrostemonis (SAMB), the predominant beneficial compounds, also exhibited lipid-lowering anti-inflammatory properties. However, effect of SAMB on atherosclerosis underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate pharmacological impact atherosclerosis. In apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE −/− ) mice high-fat diet feeding, oral administration significantly attenuated inflammation plaque formation. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that effectively suppressed oxidized-LDL-induced foam cell formation by down-regulating CD36 expression, thereby inhibiting lipid endocytosis bone marrow-derived macrophages. Additionally, blocked LPS-induced inflammatory response macrophages potentially through modulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. conclusion, exhibits potential anti-atherosclerotic macrophage inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into preventive therapeutic strategies for clinical management

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis: A review

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(11), P. 4080 - 4100

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the onset of endothelial cell damage and characterized by abnormal accumulation fibrinogen lipid in large middle arteries. Recent researches indicate that traditional Chinese medicine including Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Ginseng Fructus Crataegi, Glycyrrhizae Polygoni Multiflori Lycii, Coptidis Rhizoma have therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. Furthermore, pharmacological roles these kinds atherosclerosis refer to function influences, proliferation migration, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, gut microbiome. Traditional may serve as potential effective anti‐atherosclerosis drugs. However, a critical study has shown also toxic pustules, fever, elevate circulating neutrophil count. Further high‐quality studies are still required determine clinical safety efficacy its active ingredients.

Language: Английский

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