Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 407 - 431

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Mechanistic Insights into the Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Major Depression: An Extensive Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1362 - 1362

Published: April 16, 2022

Depression is a highly common mental disorder, which often multifactorial with sex, genetic, environmental, and/or psychological causes. Recent advancements in biomedical research have demonstrated clear correlation between gut dysbiosis (GD) or microbial and the development of anxiety depressive behaviors. The microbiome communicates brain through neural, immune, metabolic pathways, either directly (via vagal nerves) indirectly gut- microbial-derived metabolites as well hormones endocrine peptides, including peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucagon-like peptide, oxytocin, ghrelin). Maintaining healthy microbiota (GM) now being recognized important for health use probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), etc. A few approaches exert antidepressant effects via restoring GM hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functions. In this review, we summarized etiopathogenic link depression preclinical clinical evidence. addition, collated information on recent therapies supplements, such short-chain fatty acids, vitamin B12, omega-3 etc., target gut–brain (GBA) effective management behavior anxiety.

Language: Английский

---

Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(24), P. 4038 - 4038

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to proinflammatory milieu systemic endotoxemia, which contribute development neurodegenerative diseases metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress inflammation, can be initiated by elevated permeability, with increased abundance pathobionts. These changes lead excessive release LPS other products into blood, turn induce chronic damages blood-brain (BBB). An impaired BBB allows translocation potentially harmful products, including LPS, activated neutrophils/leucocytes brain, results neuroinflammation apoptosis. Chronic causes neuronal damage synaptic loss, leading memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation inappropriate activation microglia, astrocytes, dendritic cells. Consequently, these negatively affect mitochondrial function increases senescence. cellular brain give rise specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, dementia. This review summarizes contributing role cell death various diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Integrative Approaches in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition to Future Innovations

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2617 - 2617

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

Among the high prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases nowadays, acute ischemic stroke stands out, representing a significant worldwide health issue with important socio-economic implications. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are milestones for management this multifaceted pathology, making understanding various stroke-onset symptoms crucial. A key role in is emphasizing essential multi-disciplinary team, therefore, increasing efficiency recognition treatment. Neuroimaging neuroradiology have evolved dramatically over years, multiple approaches that provide higher morphological aspects as well timely cerebral artery occlusions effective therapy planning. Regarding treatment matter, pharmacological approach, particularly fibrinolytic therapy, has its merits challenges. Endovascular thrombectomy, game-changer management, witnessed advances, technologies like stent retrievers aspiration catheters playing pivotal roles. For select patients, combining endovascular strategies offers evidence-backed benefits. The aim our comprehensive study on to efficiently compare current therapies, recognize novel possibilities from literature, describe state art interdisciplinary approach stroke. As we aspire holistic patient emphasis not just medical but also physical mental health, community engagement. future holds promising innovations, artificial intelligence poised reshape diagnostics treatments. Bridging gap between groundbreaking research clinical practice remains challenge, urging continuous collaboration research.

Language: Английский

---

Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1767 - 1767

Published: April 4, 2023

Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with gradual reduction physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results reduced ability to adapt homeostasis perturbations an increased incidence illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features aging include chronic low-grade inflammation state decrease autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been longevity counteract onset age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, fundamental component this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties. review focused on brain, muscle, gut microbiota, these systems are interact at several levels. After description chemistry pharmacokinetics HTyr OLE, we summarize studies reporting effects vivo vitro models diseases central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis depression, senescence lifespan, disorders, well impact composition microbiota.

Language: Английский

---

Role of the Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine in Health and Diseases

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Over the past few decades, it has been well established that gut microbiota-derived metabolites can disrupt function, thus resulting in an array of diseases. Notably, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a bacterial derived metabolite, recently gained attention due to its role initiation and progression cardiovascular cerebrovascular This meta-organismal metabolite PAGln is byproduct amino acid acetylation precursor phenylacetic (PAA) from range dietary sources like egg, meat, dairy products, etc. The microbiota-dependent metabolism phenylalanine produces PAA, which crucial intermediate catalyzed by diverse microbial catalytic pathways. PAA conjugates with glutamine glycine liver kidney predominantly form humans phenylacetylglycine rodents. associated thrombosis as enhances platelet activation mediated through GPCRs receptors α2A, α2B, β2 ADRs, thereby aggravating pathological conditions. Clinical evidence suggests elevated levels are pathology cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurological Review further consolidates microbial/biochemical synthesis discusses above pathophysiologies.

Language: Английский

---

Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway through microbiota-gut-brain axis

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 155530 - 155530

Published: March 11, 2024

Ischemic stroke (IS) ranks as the second common cause of death worldwide. However, a narrow thrombolysis timeframe and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury limits patient recovery. Moreover, anticoagulation antithrombotic drugs do not meet clinical requirements. Studies have demonstrated close communication between brain gut microbiota in IS. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), significant component total saponins from Panax notoginseng, has been to be effective against cerebral I/R injury. Total used treat IS Chinese pharmacopoeia. Furthermore, previous research indicated that absorption NG-R1 was controlled by microbiota. This study aimed access impact treatment on neuroinflammation investigate microbiota-related mechanisms. significantly reduced neuronal middle artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) models. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed displayed reversal related with MCAO/R Additionally, administration attenuates intestinal inflammation, barrier destruction, systemic inflammation. transplantation exhibited similar effect In summary, resulted restoration structure blood-brain (BBB) reduction via suppressing stimulation astrocytes microglia ischemic area. Mechanistic suppressed toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway both colon. enhanced dysbiosis inhibiting TLR4 protect These findings elucidate mechanisms which improve outcomes provide some basis for notoginseng treatment.

Language: Английский

---

The role of short-chain fatty acid in metabolic syndrome and its complications: focusing on immunity and inflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular, liver, neurological, reproductive diseases. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), organismal energy donor, has recently been demonstrated increasing number of studies be molecule ameliorating immuno-inflammation, causative factor Mets, improve lipid distribution, blood glucose, body weight levels animal models Mets. This study reviews recent research advances on SCFA Mets from immune-inflammatory perspective, including complications dominated by chronic inflammation, as well the fact that these findings also contribute understanding specific mechanisms which gut flora metabolites metabolic processes humans. review proposes emerging role for inflammatory followed identification major ambiguities further understand anti-inflammatory potential this substance In addition, novel strategies modulate treatment may help mitigate prognosis its complications.

Language: Английский

---

The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(11), P. 6684 - 6700

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

The role of T cells in acute ischemic stroke

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 20 - 33

Published: March 9, 2023

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with high rates of disability and mortality, exerting a substantial impact on overall survival health-related quality life. Treatment AIS remains challenging given that the underlying pathologic mechanisms remain unclear. However, recent research has demonstrated immune system plays key role in development AIS. Numerous studies have reported infiltration T cells into brain tissue. While some types can promote inflammatory responses aggravate damage patients AIS, other appear to exert neuroprotective effects via immunosuppression mechanisms. In this review, we discuss findings regarding tissue, governing how facilitate tissue injury or neuroprotection Factors influencing function cells, such as intestinal microflora sex differences, are also discussed. We explore effect non-coding RNA after stroke, well potential for specifically targeting treatment patients.

Language: Английский

---