Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: June 30, 2023
Abstract
Background
Adolescent
depression
is
becoming
one
of
the
major
public
health
concerns,
because
its
increased
prevalence
and
risk
significant
functional
impairment
suicidality.
Clinical
commonly
emerges
in
adolescence;
therefore,
prevention
intervention
at
this
stage
crucial.
Recent
evidence
supports
importance
gut
microbiota
(GM)
modulation
multiple
functions
associated
with
through
gut-brain
axis
(GBA).
However,
underlying
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
current
study,
we
aimed
to
screen
out
from
healthy
depressive
adolescents,
delineate
association
targeted
adolescent
depression,
address
salutary
effects
on
anti-depressive
behaviors
mice
involving
metabolism
tryptophan
(Trp)-derived
neurotransmitters
along
GBA.
Results
Here,
found
volunteers,
first
diagnosis
patients
sertraline
interveners
after
displayed
difference,
relative
abundance
Faecalibacterium
,
Roseburia
Collinsella
Blautia
Phascolarctobacterium
Lachnospiraceae-unclassified
decreased
patients,
while
restored
treatment.
Of
note,
exhibited
a
high
efficiency
predicting
depression.
Intriguingly,
transplantation
fecal
volunteers
chronic
restraint
stress
(CRS)-induced
depressed
significantly
ameliorated
mouse
behaviors,
which
exerted
critical
roles,
since
effective
colonization
colon
resulted
remarkably
5-HT
level
reciprocally
kynurenine
(Kyn)
toxic
metabolites
quinolinic
acid
(Quin)
3-hydroxykynurenine
(3-HK)
levels
both
brain
colon.
The
specific
roles
were
further
validated
by
target
bacteria
model,
intestinalis
(
Ri
.)
was
gavaged
importantly,
it
dramatically
CRS-induced
via
promoting
hydroxylase-2
(TPH2)
or
-1
(TPH1)
expression.
Reciprocally,
Ri.
markedly
restrained
limit-step
enzyme
responsible
for
(indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase
1,
IDO1)
(3-hydroxyanthranilic
3,4-dioxygenase,
3HAO)
generation,
thereby
Kyn
Quin
levels.
Additionally,
.
administration
pivotal
role
protection
synaptic
loss,
microglial
activation,
astrocyte
maintenance.
Conclusions
This
study
beneficial
balancing
Trp-derived
neurotransmitter
improving
synaptogenesis
glial
maintenance,
may
yield
novel
insights
into
microbial
markers
therapeutic
strategies
GBA
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
81(1)
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
Abstract
This
review
provides
an
update
on
recent
findings
from
basic,
translational,
and
clinical
studies
the
molecular
mechanisms
of
mitochondrial
dysfunction
apoptosis
hepatocytes
in
multiple
liver
diseases,
including
but
not
limited
to
alcohol-associated
disease
(ALD),
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
(MASLD),
drug-induced
injury
(DILI).
While
ethanol-inducible
cytochrome
P450-2E1
(CYP2E1)
is
mainly
responsible
for
oxidizing
binge
alcohol
via
microsomal
ethanol
system,
it
also
metabolizing
many
xenobiotics,
pollutants,
chemicals,
drugs,
specific
diets
abundant
n-6
fatty
acids,
into
toxic
metabolites
organs,
liver,
causing
pathological
insults
through
organelles
such
as
mitochondria
endoplasmic
reticula.
Oxidative
imbalances
(oxidative
stress)
promote
covalent
modifications
lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acids
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
mechanisms.
Excessive
changes
stimulate
various
post-translational
(PTMs)
transcription
factors,
histones.
Increased
PTMs
proteins
inactivate
enzymes
involved
reduction
oxidative
species,
acid
metabolism,
mitophagy
pathways,
leading
dysfunction,
energy
depletion,
apoptosis.
Unique
other
organelles,
control
signaling
cascades
bioenergetics
(fat
metabolism),
inflammation,
apoptosis/necrosis
hepatocytes.
When
homeostasis
shifted,
these
pathways
become
altered
or
shut
down,
likely
contributing
death
with
activation
inflammation
hepatic
stellate
cells,
fibrosis
cirrhosis.
will
encapsulate
how
contributes
hepatocyte
several
types
diseases
order
provide
recommendations
targeted
therapeutics.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
constitutes
much
of
the
surface
Gram-negative
bacteria,
and
if
LPS
enters
human
body
or
brain
can
induce
inflammation
act
as
an
endotoxin.
We
outline
hypothesis
here
that
may
contribute
to
pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
via
peripheral
infections
gut
dysfunction
elevating
levels
in
blood
brain,
which
promotes:
amyloid
pathology,
tau
pathology
microglial
activation,
contributing
neurodegeneration
AD.
The
evidence
supporting
this
includes:
i)
are
elevated
AD
patients,
ii)
risk
factors
increase
response,
iii)
induces
Aβ
expression,
aggregation,
neurotoxicity,
iv)
TAU
phosphorylation,
aggregation
spreading,
v)
priming,
activation
vi)
loss
synapses,
neurons
memory
mouse
models,
cognitive
humans.
However,
test
hypothesis,
it
is
necessary
whether
reducing
reduces
progression.
If
endotoxin
correct,
then
treatments
might
include:
infections,
changing
microbiome,
leaky
gut,
decreasing
LPS,
blocking
response.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(16), P. 12699 - 12699
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
The
blood-brain
barrier,
which
is
formed
by
tightly
interconnected
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
separates
the
brain
from
peripheral
circulation.
Together
with
other
central
nervous
system-resident
cell
types,
including
pericytes
and
astrocytes,
barrier
forms
neurovascular
unit.
Upon
neuroinflammation,
this
becomes
leaky,
allowing
molecules
cells
to
enter
potentially
harm
tissue
of
system.
Despite
significance
animal
models
in
research,
they
may
not
always
adequately
reflect
human
pathophysiology.
Therefore,
are
needed.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
terms
both
health
disease.
It
describe
all
key
elements
vitro
explore
how
different
compositions
can
be
utilized
effectively
model
a
variety
neuroinflammatory
conditions.
Furthermore,
it
existing
types
that
used
basic
research
study
respective
pathologies
thus
far.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 21, 2024
The
bidirectional
communication
between
the
gut
and
brain
or
gut-brain
axis
is
regulated
by
several
microbes
microbial
derived
metabolites,
such
as
short-chain
fatty
acids,
trimethylamine
N-oxide,
lipopolysaccharides.
Gut
microbiota
(GM)
produce
neuroactives,
specifically
neurotransmitters
that
modulates
local
central
neuronal
functions.
An
imbalance
intestinal
commensals
pathobionts
leads
to
a
disruption
in
dysbiosis,
which
affects
barrier
integrity
gut-immune
neuroimmune
systems.
Currently,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
recommended
for
treatment
of
recurrent
SAGE Open Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
human
microbiome,
particularly
the
gut
has
emerged
as
a
central
determinant
of
health
and
disease.
Dysbiosis,
an
imbalance
in
microbial
composition
gut,
is
associated
with
variety
metabolic
other
diseases,
highlighting
potential
for
microbiota-targeted
treatments.
Fecal
microbiota
transplantation
received
considerable
attention
promising
therapy
to
modulate
microbiome
restore
homeostasis.
However,
challenges
remain,
including
standardization,
safety,
long-term
efficacy.
This
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
on
fecal
describes
next
generation
therapies
targeting
microbiome.
looked
at
mechanistic
understanding
alternative
strategies,
elucidating
their
role
improving
dysbiosis-associated
disorders,
such
obesity,
type
2
diabetes
others.
Additionally,
this
discussed
growing
application
Insights
from
clinical
trials,
preclinical
studies,
emerging
technologies
provide
comprehensive
overview
evolving
landscape
microbiome-based
interventions.
Through
critical
assessment
advances
prospects,
aims
highlight
therapeutic
pave
way
innovative
approaches
precision
medicine
personalized
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(1)
Published: March 6, 2024
Age-related
changes
in
intestinal
microbiome
composition
and
function
are
increasingly
recognized
as
pivotal
the
pathophysiology
of
aging
associated
with
phenotype.
Diet
is
a
major
determinant
gut-microbiota
throughout
entire
lifespan,
several
benefits
healthy
diet
could
be
mediated
by
microbiome.
Mediterranean
(MD)
traditional
dietary
pattern
regarded
paradigm,
large
number
studies
have
demonstrated
its
promoting
aging.
MD
has
also
positive
modulatory
effect
on
microbiome,
favoring
bacterial
taxa
involved
synthesis
bioactive
compounds,
such
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
that
counteract
inflammation,
anabolic
resistance,
tissue
degeneration.
Intervention
conducted
older
populations
suggested
individual
response
subjects
to
MD,
terms
reduction
frailty
scores
amelioration
cognitive
function,
significantly
functionality.
In
this
context,
should
considered
when
designing
MD-based
interventions
tailored
needs
geriatric
patients.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(23), P. 3886 - 3886
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Foodborne
pathogens
are
microorganisms
that
cause
illness
through
contamination,
presenting
significant
risks
to
public
health
and
food
safety.
This
review
explores
the
metabolites
produced
by
these
pathogens,
including
toxins
secondary
metabolites,
their
implications
for
human
health,
particularly
concerning
cancer
risk.
We
examine
various
such
as
Salmonella
sp.,
Campylobacter
Escherichia
coli,
Listeria
monocytogenes,
detailing
specific
of
concern
carcinogenic
mechanisms.
study
discusses
analytical
techniques
detecting
chromatography,
spectrometry,
immunoassays,
along
with
challenges
associated
detection.
covers
effective
control
strategies,
processing
techniques,
sanitation
practices,
regulatory
measures,
emerging
technologies
in
pathogen
control.
manuscript
considers
broader
highlighting
importance
robust
policies,
awareness,
education.
identifies
research
gaps
innovative
approaches,
recommending
advancements
detection
methods,
preventive
policy
improvements
better
manage
foodborne
metabolites.
