Intestinal 8-gingerol attenuates TBI-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a PINK1/Parkin-dependent manner

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 156580 - 156580

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Microbiome: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Processes

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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An Interplay Between Hypothalamic Microstructure, Systemic Metabolism and Gut Microbiome Composition in Male Rats at Hyperacute Timepoint Post TBI

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 103(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the that impacts neuronal and non-neuronal cells/tissues. The study aimed understand TBI-induced early changes in systemic physiology. male rats were subjected mild moderate TBI, where serum urine metabolic fingerprints of TBI showed a hypermetabolic response with increased energy metabolites, amino acids, gut metabolites TCA cycle intermediates urine. In contrast, decreased lactate, pyruvate, acids (glycine leucine) [trimethylamine N OXIDE (TMAO), choline acetate] serum. creatinine, allantoin levels. To brain's role altered physiology, hypothalamus structure was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) stress levels observed corticosterone. injured exhibited DTI metrics hypothalamus, suggesting potential disruption regulation hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) axis. These alterations accompanied by TNF-α after TBI. induced allostatic overload, impaired hypothalamic structure, physiology also microbiome dysbiosis. Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio injury, variable composition both injuries. Therefore, present provides insight into interplay between HPA axis, metabolism, following Importantly, this crosstalk regulatory systems different highlighting need assess phenotype based on severity.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Brain–Gut Microbiota System in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Emerging Interventions

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has profound effects that extend beyond the brain, affecting other body systems via secondary pathways and leading to various complications, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction during after hospitalization. While advances in TBI management have improved overall outcomes, absence of effective treatments for these systemic highlights urgent need innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical aspect this context is brain–gut axis (BGA), a bidirectional communication network connecting GI system through complex neuronal, hormonal, immune pathways. results increased intestinal permeability hypercatabolic state bacterial translocation, dysregulation, septic multiorgan failure. These complications significantly heighten risk morbidity mortality patients. Emerging evidence suggests gut dysbiosis plays pivotal role post-TBI complications. The microbiome, diverse community commensal microorganisms, integral physiology, performing key functions such as metabolic regulation, maintaining barrier, modulating responses. Disruptions microbiota can exacerbate dysfunction, potentially severe outcomes. This review examines mechanisms underlying BGA following TBI, focusing on contributing dysregulation. Additionally, it discusses strategies aimed at mitigating dysbiosis. Potential interventions include approaches restore microbial balance, enhance barrier integrity, support modulation. By targeting areas, therapies may reduce improve patient

Language: Английский

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Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Experimental Models and Clinical Studies

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2025

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces systemic alterations, including gut microbiome dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and neuroinflammatory responses. This review explores the bidirectional gut-brain interactions, focusing on inflammation, potential therapeutic interventions. Materials Methods A comprehensive of preclinical human studies was conducted to assess microbiota changes following TBI. Key findings microbial shifts, markers, strategies were analyzed. Results Experimental animal models demonstrate that TBI leads loss short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, bacterial translocation due impaired barrier function. These alterations exacerbate cascades, microglial activation, cytokine release, oxidative stress. Dysbiosis-induced metabolic shifts influence tryptophan metabolism kynurenine pathway contributing excitotoxicity neurodegeneration. Human reveal persistent imbalances in severe patients, correlating with inflammation prolonged recovery. Conclusion Despite growing evidence linking neuroinflammation secondary injury, challenges remain translating clinical applications. Heterogeneity experimental models, variability assessment techniques, gaps mechanistic understanding hinder standardization. Emerging microbiome-targeted therapies, probiotics, offer promising avenues for modulating improving neurological recovery post-TBI. Further research is needed establish causal relationships, optimize strategies, evaluate long-term outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Systemic IGF-1 administration prevents traumatic brain injury induced gut permeability, dysmorphia, dysbiosis, and the increased number of immature dentate granule cells

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 3, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in 2-3 million Americans each year and is a leading cause of death disability. Among the many physiological consequences TBI, hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) particularly vulnerable, including reduction growth hormone (GH) insulin-like factor (IGF-1). Clinical preclinical supplementation IGF-1 after TBI has exhibited beneficial effects. receptors are prominently observed tissues, gastrointestinal (GI) system. In addition to causing damage brain, also induces GI system damage, inflammation alterations intestinal permeability gut microbiome. The goal this study was assess effects systemic treatment rat model on outcomes. Because dysfunction been linked hippocampal dysfunction, we examined proliferation immature granule cells dentate gyrus. 10-week-old male rats were treated with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose at 4 24 h lateral fluid percussion (FPI). At 3- 35-days post-injury (DPI), permeability, dysmorphia, fecal microbiome, hippocampus assessed. FPI-induced blood-gut-barrier, as measured by elevated metabolites blood, prevented treatment. Gut dysmorphia microbiome FPI these ameliorated IGF-1, increase hippocampus. These findings suggest that can target its role influencing adult neurogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Distinct Gut Microbiota Profiles in Unruptured and Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Focus on Butyrate-Producing Bacteria

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 3488 - 3488

Published: May 16, 2025

Background: Gut microbiome composition may influence the risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods: This study analyzed gut microbiota 48 patients—24 with ruptured aneurysms (RA) and 24 unruptured (UIA)—using next-generation sequencing. Results: While alpha diversity was similar between groups, beta revealed significant taxonomic differences (Bray–Curtis: p = 0.02; unweighted UniFrac: 0.0291). Both groups were dominated by phyla Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, but genus- family-level observed. RA patients showed higher abundances Anaerotruncus, Coprobacillus, Sellimonas, Hungatella, Ruthenibacterium, whereas UIA exhibited greater levels Faecalibacterium, Brotolimicola, Clostridiaceae, Roseburia, Agathobaculum. Linear discriminant analysis identified one class, 10 genera, 17 species that differed significantly groups. Notably, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Agathobaculum butyriciproducens—bacteria known for their anti-inflammatory neuroprotective properties—were enriched in patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest microbiota, particularly short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria, contribute to vascular protection pathophysiology. Microbiome-based therapeutic strategies could offer new avenues prevention cerebrovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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Age matters: Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild traumatic brain injury differentially alters microbial composition and function in adolescent and adult rats

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. e0278259 - e0278259

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been shown to perpetuate neuroinflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modify repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI)-induced deficits. However, there have no investigations regarding comparative effects that may on RmTBI in adolescents adults. Therefore, we examined influence depletion prior microbial composition metabolome, adolescent adult Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned standard or antibiotic drinking water for 14 days, subsequent sham RmTBIs. The metabolome analysed at baseline, 1 day after first mTBI, euthanasia (11 days following third mTBI). At euthanasia, samples also collected quantify tight junction protein ( TJP1 occludin ) expression. Adolescents significantly more susceptible via administration which increased pro-inflammatory metabolites. Furthermore, induced a transient increase ‘beneficial bacteria’ Lachnospiraceae Faecalibaculum only indicate compensatory action response injury. Finally, generated exemplified potentially chronic pathogenic inflammatory state as demonstrated by Clostridium innocuum Erysipelatoclostridium reductions Bacteroides Sensu Stricto . Results highlight are vulnerable compared adults dysbiosis exacerbate secondary cascades.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics in Traumatic Brain Injury: New Insights into Mechanisms and Future Perspectives

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 4546 - 4546

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious global public health issue, recognized as chronic and progressive disease that can affect multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Research shows there specific link between GI tract central nervous system, termed gut-brain axis, which consists of bidirectional exchange these two. Several preclinical clinical studies have demonstrated intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation gut dysbiosis in patients with TBI. It proven probiotics modulate inflammatory process modify microbiota. Numerous animal human trials effectiveness selected bacterial strains an adjuvant treatment reducing inflammation, infection rates time spent intensive care hospitalized suffering from injury. Thus, this review summarizes current evidence regarding beneficial effects probiotic administration TBI-related complications. This will help identify novel therapeutic strategies future extensive history apparently safe use.

Language: Английский

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Traumatic brain injury: Symptoms to systems in the 21st century

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1845, P. 149271 - 149271

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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