Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 434 - 434
Published: May 8, 2020
Patients
with
acute
kidney
injury
(AKI)
who
survive
the
stage
are
at
notable
risk
for
chronic
disease
(CKD)
progression.
There
is
no
single
therapy
that
can
effectively
prevent
AKI
to
CKD
transition.
Autophagy
a
cytoplasmic
component
degradation
pathway
and
has
complex
functions
in
several
diseases,
such
as
renal
fibrosis.
Previous
research
shown
lactoferrin
important
antioxidant
defense
other
systems,
protecting
kidneys
against
various
injuries.
The
present
study
investigated
effect
of
We
identified
62
consensus
genes
two-fold
changes
clinical
tissues
from
patients.
Among
overlay
genes,
mRNA
levels
LTF
were
significantly
upregulated
Lactoferrin
induced
autophagy
via
activation
AMPK
inhibition
Akt/mTOR
human
proximal
tubular
cells.
suppressed
oxidative
stress-induced
cell
death
apoptosis
by
augmenting
autophagy.
an
antifibrotic
role
In
mouse
model
folic
acid-induced
transition,
treatment
recovered
function
further
fibrosis
through
induction
These
findings
identify
potential
therapeutic
target
prevention
Kidney and Dialysis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. 433 - 442
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
Globally,
the
incidence
and
prevalence
of
diabetes
mellitus
has
risen
dramatically,
owing
mainly
to
increase
in
type
2
(T2DM).
In
2021,
537
million
people
worldwide
(11%
global
population)
had
diabetes,
this
number
is
expected
783
(12%)
by
2045.
The
growing
burden
T2DM
secondary
pandemic
obesity,
which
turn
been
attributed
increased
intake
processed
food,
reduced
physical
activity,
sedentary
behaviour.
This
so-called
western
lifestyle
related
with
urbanization
technological
development.
One
most
frequent
severe
long-term
complications
diabetic
kidney
disease
(DKD),
defined
as
chronic
a
person
diabetes.
Approximately
20–50%
patients
will
ultimately
develop
DKD.
Worldwide,
DKD
leading
cause
end-stage
disease,
accounting
for
50%
cases.
addition,
results
high
cardiovascular
morbidity
mortality,
decreases
patients’
health-related
quality
life.
review
we
provide
an
update
diagnosis,
epidemiology,
causes
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 18, 2024
The
global
incidence
of
Chronic
Kidney
Disease
(CKD)
is
steadily
escalating,
with
discernible
linkage
to
the
intricate
terrain
intestinal
microecology.
microbiota
orchestrates
a
dynamic
equilibrium
in
organism,
metabolizing
dietary-derived
compounds,
process
which
profoundly
impacts
human
health.
Among
these
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
result
from
microbial
metabolic
processes,
play
versatile
role
influencing
host
energy
homeostasis,
immune
function,
and
intermicrobial
signaling,
etc.
SCFAs
emerge
as
pivotal
risk
factors
CKD's
development
prognosis.
This
paper
review
elucidates
impact
gut
metabolites,
specifically
SCFAs,
on
CKD,
highlighting
their
modulating
inflammatory
responses,
oxidative
stress,
cellular
autophagy,
milieu,
signaling
cascades.
An
in-depth
comprehension
interplay
between
kidney
disease
pathogenesis
may
pave
way
for
utilization
biomarkers
CKD
progression
prognosis
or
novel
adjunctive
therapeutic
strategies.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
2019, P. 1 - 16
Published: Nov. 4, 2019
Autophagy
is
a
self-digestive
process
that
degrades
intracellular
components,
including
damaged
organelles,
to
maintain
energy
homeostasis
and
cope
with
cellular
stress.
plays
key
role
during
development
adult
tissue
homeostasis,
growing
evidence
indicates
this
catalytic
also
has
direct
in
modulating
aging.
Although
autophagy
essentially
protective,
depending
on
the
context
stimuli,
outcome
can
lead
either
abnormal
cell
growth
or
death.
The
autophagic
requires
tight
regulation,
events
following
distinct
stages
governed
by
wide
molecular
machinery.
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
have
been
involved
regulation
through
multiple
signaling
pathways,
mitochondria,
main
source
of
endogenous
ROS,
emerged
as
essential
signal
transducers
mediate
autophagy.
In
present
review,
we
aim
summarize
regulatory
function
mitochondria
process,
particularly
regarding
mitochondrial
coordination
node
pathway,
involving
oxidative
stress,
their
participation
membrane
donors
initial
steps
autophagosome
assembly.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 439 - 439
Published: July 5, 2020
Cardiovascular
disease
and
infections
are
major
causes
for
the
high
incidence
of
morbidity
mortality
patients
with
chronic
kidney
disease.
Both
complications
directly
or
indirectly
associated
disturbed
functions
altered
apoptotic
rates
polymorphonuclear
leukocytes,
monocytes,
lymphocytes,
dendritic
cells.
Normal
responses
immune
cells
can
be
reduced,
leading
to
infectious
diseases
pre-activated/primed,
giving
rise
inflammation
subsequently
cardiovascular
This
review
summarizes
impact
dysfunction
on
system.
Renal
failure
results
in
renal
metabolic
activities
reduced
renin,
erythropoietin,
vitamin
D
production,
which
adversely
affects
Decreased
function
also
leads
glomerular
filtration
retention
uremic
toxins.
A
large
number
toxins
detrimental
effects
have
been
identified.
Besides
small
water-soluble
protein-bound
compounds
originating
from
intestinal
microbiome,
several
molecules
middle
molecular
range,
e.g.,
immunoglobulin
light
chains,
retinol-binding
protein,
neuropeptides
Met-enkephalin
neuropeptide
Y,
endothelin-1,
adipokines
leptin
resistin,
affect
Posttranslational
modifications
such
as
carbamoylation,
advanced
glycation
products,
oxidative
contribute
toxicity.
Furthermore,
high-density
lipoprotein
has
an
protein
profile
thereby
loses
its
anti-inflammatory
properties.
Annual Review of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
82(1), P. 297 - 322
Published: Oct. 23, 2019
Autophagy
is
a
cellular
homeostatic
program
for
the
turnover
of
organelles
and
proteins,
in
which
double-membraned
vesicles
(autophagosomes)
sequester
cytoplasmic
cargos,
are
subsequently
delivered
to
lysosome
degradation.
Emerging
evidence
implicates
autophagy
as
an
important
modulator
human
disease.
Macroautophagy
selective
(e.g.,
mitophagy,
aggrephagy)
can
influence
processes,
including
cell
death,
inflammation,
immune
responses,
thereby
exert
both
adaptive
maladaptive
roles
disease
pathogenesis.
has
been
implicated
acute
kidney
injury,
arise
response
nephrotoxins,
sepsis,
ischemia/reperfusion,
chronic
diseases.
The
latter
includes
comorbidities
diabetes
recent
obstructive
pulmonary
disease-associated
injury.
Roles
polycystic
cancer
have
also
described.
Targeting
pathway
may
therapeutic
benefit
treatment
disorders.
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
41(2), P. 202 - 231
Published: Oct. 21, 2019
Abstract
Diabetic
kidney
disease
remains
the
most
common
cause
of
end-stage
in
world.
Despite
reductions
incidence
rates
myocardial
infarction
and
stroke
people
with
diabetes
over
past
3
decades,
risk
diabetic
has
remained
unchanged,
may
even
be
increasing
younger
individuals
afflicted
this
disease.
Accordingly,
changes
public
health
policy
have
to
implemented
address
root
causes
disease,
including
rise
obesity
diabetes,
addition
use
safe
effective
pharmacological
agents
prevent
cardiorenal
complications
diabetes.
The
aim
article
is
review
mechanisms
pathogenesis
therapies
that
are
either
clinical
practice
or
emerging
development
programs
for
potential
treat
