Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 585 - 598

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules their parent cells, EVs important mediators of intercellular communication thus play significant roles in physiological pathological processes. Owing to natural biogenesis process, generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic vehicles. have been reported be used for the siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, CRISPR/Cas9 treatment various diseases. As a vectors, can penetrate into tissues bioengineered enhance targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal delivery, EV-based remains challenging, due lack standardized isolation purification methods, loading efficiency, insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on application DDS perspective different origin weighted bottlenecks DDS.

Language: Английский

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Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable transferring cell-specific constituents the source cell to recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact pure samples is first step both exosome-based liquid biopsies therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes low purity, posing significant challenges for downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, affordable methods isolate crucial carrying out relevant researches. In last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies exosome isolation exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews overviewed various methods, compressive review including updated/improved indispensable. Herein, we overview properties, biogenesis, contents, functions. Then, briefly outline conventional technologies discuss clinical applications these technologies. Finally, large-scale GMP production engineered open up future perspectives next-generation Exo-devices cancer diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: Large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 533 - 543

Published: May 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: A bright star of nanomedicine

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 120467 - 120467

Published: Nov. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Progress in Microfluidics‐Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications

Small, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(9)

Published: Oct. 30, 2019

Abstract Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role intercellular communication closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, always mixed other components Consequently, separation methods allow high‐purity high‐throughput high recovery rate detection techniques rapid, highly sensitive, specific, low limit indispensable diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome been developed to achieve aforementioned goals. cases, these two performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, cost. The emergence microfluidics offers way integrate functions into single chip. Herein, an overview conventional microfluidics‐based is presented. Moreover, advantages drawbacks compared.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of exosome production and cargo sorting

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 163 - 177

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Cellular communication can be mediated by the exchange of biological information, mainly in form proteins and RNAs.This occur when extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, secreted a donor cell are internalized an acceptor cell.Exosomes bear specific repertoires RNAs, indicating existence mechanisms that control sorting molecules into them.Knowledge about loadings processes cargo exosomes is essential to shed light on physiological pathological functions these vesicles well clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis.In this review, we will discuss molecular associated with exosome secretion sorting, special attention RNAs proteins, thus outcome emerging therapeutic opportunities between exosome-producer recipient cells.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100522 - 100522

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem class of with the potential self-healing and multidirectional differentiation. In recent years, numerous studies have shown EVs, especially those mesenchymal cells, can promote repair regeneration various tissues and, thus, significant in regenerative medicine. However, due to rapid clearance capacity circulatory system, EVs barely able act persistently at specific sites target tissues. Hydrogels good biocompatibility loose porous structural properties allow them serve as EV carriers, thereby prolonging retention certain areas slowing release EVs. When needed function sites, EV-loaded hydrogels stand an excellent approach. this review, we first introduce sources, roles, extraction characterization methods describe their current application status. We then review different types discuss factors influencing abilities carry summarize several strategies loading into characterizing hydrogels. Furthermore, applications tissue repair. This article concludes summary state research on outlook future directions, which hope will provide promising ideas researchers.

Language: Английский

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Apoptotic cell-derived exosomes: messages from dying cells

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death that plays key role in both healthy and pathological conditions, releases extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic bodies microvesicles, but exosome release due to apoptosis is not yet commonly accepted. Here, the reports demonstrating presence exosomes their roles inflammation immune responses are summarized, together with general summary vesicles. In conclusion, just ‘silent’ an active form communication from dying cells live through exosomes.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) in Regenerative Medicine: Applications in Skin Wound Healing

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 3, 2020

The cells secrete microvesicles that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. former are referred to as exosomes, with sizes ranging 50 100 nm. These contain a lipid bilayer associated membrane proteins. Molecules such nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, etc) and proteins stored inside. exosome composition depends on producer cell-type its physiological conditions. Through them, modify their microenvironment behavior neighboring cells. That is accomplished by transferring factors modulate different metabolic signaling pathways. Due properties, exosomes can be applied diagnostic therapeutic tool in medicine. MSC haveimmunomodulatory properties high regenerative capacity. features linked paracrine activity microvesicle secretion. Therefore, research produced has been intensified for use cell-free In this area, treatment chronic skin ulcers (CSU) proposed. Such sores occur when normal healing does not resolve properly. usually due excessive prolongation inflammatory phase. aging diseases, diabetes, so prevalence increasing one latter disease, mainly developed countries. This very important socio-economic repercussions. review, we show application MSC-derived CSU positive effects, including accelerating decreasing scar formation. because immunosuppressive immunomodulatory properties. Likewise, they ability activate angiogenesis, proliferation, migration differentiation main cell-types involved regeneration. They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts keratinocytes. Most studies carried out far preclinical. there need advance more knowledge about conditions production, isolation action mechanisms exosomes. Interestingly, potential opens door design new highly effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Advances in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a review

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

Abstract Stem cells can be used for regenerative medicine and as treatments disease. The application of tissue engineering-related transplantation, stem cells, local changes in the microenvironment is expected to solve major medical problems. Currently, most studies focus on repair regeneration, mesenchymal (MSCs) are among common research topics. MSCs applicable seed they represent one current hot topics research. However, due storage limitations because cell senescence occurs during vitro expansion, their clinical challenging. Exosomes, which secreted by through paracrine signalling, not only have same effects MSCs, but also advantages targeted delivery, low immunogenicity, high repairability. This article reviews acquisition methods, characteristics, biological functions, applications exosomes.

Language: Английский

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