Harnessing miRNAs: A Novel Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) complex, responsible for (TB) infection, continues to be a predominant global cause of mortality due intricate host‐pathogen interactions that affect disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), essential posttranscriptional regulators, have become pivotal modulators these relationships. Recent findings indicate miRNAs actively regulate immunological responses complex by modulating autophagy, apoptosis, and immune cell activities. This has resulted in increased interest as prospective diagnostic indicators TB, especially differentiating active infection from latent or inactive stages. Variations miRNA expression during progression offer insights into the response. Furthermore, present potential therapeutic targets host‐directed therapy (HDT) techniques TB infection. work examines function pathogenesis, with objective identifying particular response evaluating their value exploring implications The is enhance comprehension how can facilitate improved diagnosis treatment TB.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial microRNAs: Key Drivers in Unraveling Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 626 - 626

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) crucial for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent evidence has shown that miRNAs also found in mitochondria, organelles produce energy cell. These mitochondrial miRNAs, known as mitomiRs, essential function and metabolism. MitomiRs can originate from nucleus, following traditional miRNA biogenesis pathways, or potentially DNA, allowing them to directly affect cellular dynamics within mitochondrion. While have been extensively investigated, involvement mitomiRs development neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remain be elucidated. This review aims discuss findings on role such diseases their potential therapeutic targets, well highlight future research directions.

Language: Английский

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The Growing Class of Novel RNAi Therapeutics

Molecular Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 106(1), P. 13 - 20

Published: May 6, 2024

The clinical use of RNA interference (RNAi) molecular mechanisms has introduced a novel, growing class therapeutics capable treating diseases by controlling target gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. With newly approved nedosiran (Rivfloza{trade mark, serif}), there are now six RNAi-based United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Interestingly, five FDA-approved small interfering (siRNA) [patisiran (Onpattro{trade lumasiran (Oxlumo{trade inclisiran (Leqvio{trade vutrisiran (Amvuttra{trade nedosiran] were revealed to act on 39-untranslated regions mRNAs, instead coding sequences, thereby following common mechanistic action genome-derived microRNAs (miRNA). Furthermore, three siRNA [patisiran, givosiran (Givlaari{trade induce mRNA degradation or cleavage via near-complete rather than complete base-pair complementarity. These features along with previous findings confound currently held characteristics distinguish siRNAs miRNAs biosimilars, which all converge in RNAi regulatory pathway action. Herein, we discuss mechanism current criteria for distinguishing between while summarizing unique chemistry pharmacology therapeutics. term "RNAi" therapeutics, as used previously, provides coherently unified nomenclature broader forms well number therapeutic biosimilars that best aligns pharmacological Significance Statement summarized, is approved. We point out surprisingly differences similarities supports using general align drug based embraces novel

Language: Английский

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Circulating Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Advances and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7974 - 7974

Published: July 21, 2024

Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), represent the most prevalent and aggressive tumors of central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent treatment advancements, patient survival rates remain low. The diagnosis GBM traditionally relies on neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans postoperative confirmation via histopathological molecular analysis. Imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between tumor progression treatment-related changes, leading potential misinterpretation delays. Similarly, tissue biopsies, while informative, are invasive not suitable for monitoring ongoing treatments. These challenges have led emergence liquid biopsy, through blood samples, a promising alternative monitoring. Presently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling offers minimally means obtaining tumor-related information guide therapy. idea that any biofluid tests can be used screen many cancer types has huge potential. Tumors release various components into bloodstream other biofluids, including cell-free nucleic acids microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating DNA (ctDNA), cells (CTCs), proteins, extracellular vesicles (EVs) exosomes, metabolites, factors. factors been shown cross blood-brain barrier (BBB), presenting an opportunity well real-time assessment distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic changes associated with brain tumors. their potential, clinical utility biopsy-based biomarkers is somewhat constrained by limitations absence standardized methodologies CSF collection, analyte extraction, analysis methods, small cohort sizes. Additionally, biopsies offer more precise insights morphology microenvironment. Therefore, objective biopsy should complement enhance diagnostic accuracy patients providing additional alongside traditional biopsies. Moreover, utilizing combination diverse biomarker may effectiveness compared solely relying one category, potentially improving sensitivity specificity addressing some existing GBM. This review presents overview latest research found in discusses diagnostic, predictive, prognostic indicators, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders and miRNA-Associated Disease: An Up-to-Date

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 413 - 413

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Chronic gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and irritable syndrome (IBS) impose significant health burdens globally. IBDs, encompassing Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial characterized by chronic inflammation of the tract. On other hand, IBS is one principal tract functional abdominal pain altered habits. Although precise etiopathogenesis these remains unclear, mounting evidence suggests that non-coding RNA molecules play crucial roles in regulating gene expression associated with inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tissue permeability, thus influencing progression. miRNAs have emerged possible reliable biomarkers, they can be analyzed biological fluids patients at a low cost. This review explores IBDs IBS, focusing on their involvement control hallmarks. By an extensive literature employing bioinformatics tools, we identified frequently studied concerning diseases. Ultimately, specific could proposed diagnostic biomarkers for IBS. Their ability to secreted into biofluids makes them promising candidates non-invasive tools. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms through ways which regulate immune responses provide new insights pathogenesis open avenues miRNA-based therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA Gets a Mighty Award

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Recent advancements in microRNAs (miRNAs) research have revealed their key roles both normal physiological processes and pathological conditions, leading to potential applications diagnostics therapeutics. However, the path forward is fraught with several scientific technical challenges. This review article briefly explores milestones of discovery, biogenesis, functions, application for clinical diagnostic therapeutic strategies miRNAs. The challenges future directions are also discussed fully harness capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Exploring ferroptosis and miRNAs: implications for cancer modulation and therapy

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer: Structure, Function, and Clinical Application

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 579 - 579

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

We are on the brink of a paradigm shift in both theoretical and clinical oncology. Genomic transcriptomic profiling, alongside personalized approaches that account for individual patient variability, increasingly shaping discourse. Discussions future cancer medicine mainly dominated by potential non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which play prominent role progression metastasis formation regulating expression oncogenic or tumor suppressor proteins at transcriptional post-transcriptional levels; furthermore, their cell-free counterparts might be involved intercellular communication. Non-coding considered to promising biomarker candidates early diagnosis as well therapeutic agents. This review aims provide clarity amidst vast body literature focusing diverse species ncRNAs, exploring structure, origin, function, applications miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, eRNAs, paRNAs, YRNAs, vtRNAs, piRNAs. discuss molecular methods used detection functional studies vitro vivo. also address challenges must overcome enter new era therapy will reshape

Language: Английский

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The ability of microRNAs to regulate the immune response in ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory pathways

Genes and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 277 - 296

Published: June 22, 2024

Abstract MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating the immune responses induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Through their ability to modulate gene expression, microRNAs adjust targeting specific genes and signaling pathways. This review focuses on impact of inflammatory pathways triggered during injury highlights inflammation, playing critical pathophysiology Dysregulated expression contributes pathogenesis injury, therefore offers an opportunity restore homeostasis improve patient outcomes. Understanding complex network immunoregulatory could provide novel therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating excessive inflammation preserving tissue integrity.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the secrets of longevity: unraveling nutraceutical and miRNA-Mediated aging pathways and therapeutic strategies

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: March 28, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that not involved in coding for proteins. They have a significant function regulating gene expression after the process of transcription. Their participation several biological processes has rendered them appealing subjects investigating age-related disorders. Increasing data indicates miRNAs can be influenced by dietary variables, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, trace minerals, and nutraceuticals. This review examines influence factors nutraceuticals on regulation miRNA relation to aging. We examine present comprehension disruption illnesses emphasize possibility manipulation means prevention or treatment. Consolidating animal human research is essential validate significance control living organisms, despite abundance information already provided studies. elucidates complex interaction among miRNAs, nutrition, aging, offering valuable insights into promising areas further potential therapies

Language: Английский

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